Bix vs. Louis free essay sample

Big Bedecked was one of the most popular Jazz musicians of the sasss. He was born Leon Big Bedecked on March 10, 1903 in Davenport, Iowa. His father was a coal and lumber merchant and his mother a church organist. Although he did take lessons for a short time, his teacher grew frustrated with him and his improvisations and refusal to read the music. He learned to play by ear. He was the first great white Jazz cornets. He was inspired by records of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and by hearing bands on the Mississippi riverboats.His love for music caused him to be sent way to military school in 1921 because his father thought that music was not a real lob that would earn him respect and money. The school was close to Chicago which at the time was the center of Jazz music. He was kicked out of military school because he often missed curfew due to him being out listening to bands. We will write a custom essay sample on Bix vs. Louis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He Joined his first Jazz band the Wolverines In 1923. Over the years he played with many different Jazz and dance bands. He died from Pneumonia complicated by his alcoholism In 1931. In both pieces, Louis Armstrong and BIG Bedecked and their instruments are what stand out in the songs. The tempo of the pieces are different with Im Coming to Virginia being the slower tempo of the two. Louis Armstrong normally has a real bright sound. In The Potato Head Blues the best way to describe his timbre here is something more street. Its not as refined. You can tell Louis hasnt had any formal training and is Just raw talent. The bright colors that became his trademark come through vibrantly, but this is a blues chart, after all. Also, Louis starts all his solos with the same few notes and he has a vibrato all his win. In Im Coming to Virginia Big Bedecked has a timbre that is more classical, to an extent; precise phrasing, exact pitch, etc. Louis solo is more in your face, full of excitement, but Big is laid back, dare I say subdued. Chord progression-wise, Big sounds a bit more complex. Both big and Louis solos are extremely complex rhythmically, but they make them sound effortless. As a soloist, Louis Armstrong stands out more, partially because of the instrumentation of his ensemble and partly because of his abilities.Big, in terms of ensemble, is nothing special. He plays his piece and fades back into obscurity. Louis ensembles were called the hot five and hot seven, so I would say he would epitomize hot. Big would be cool because he isnt as in your face with the sound as Louis Armstrong is. Big vs.. Louis By knickknack job that would earn him respect and money. The school was close to Chicago which his first Jazz band the Wolverines in 1923. Over the years he played with many alcoholism in 1931. In both pieces, Louis Armstrong and Big Bedecked and their isnt as in your face with the sound as Louis Armstrong is.

Currency Exchange Rates, Management, and Speculation

Currency Exchange Rates, Management, and Speculation Read about the ways government and investors can manage and speculate on the value of their currencies. Currency exchange rates have become a global issue in the past year, particularly for developing economies which are generally performing better than the economies of the US, Europe, and Japan – the three sources of the â€Å"reference currencies† that essentially determine the value of the rest of the world’s money. This article is a short primer on the basics of currency exchange. It explains the ways in which governments and private investors can manage and speculate on the value of their currencies. Fixed vs. Floating Exchange Rates The value of the currency is always relative to something else, whether some commodity (gold has historically served as a reference) or other currencies. A fixed exchange rate also called a peg is a value that is determined by a government’s central bank, which must engage in the market trade of its currency for the reference currency in order to maintain the peg value. The main requirement for a fixed exchange rate scheme is that the central bank holds a large reserve of the reference currency. In a scheme in which the currency is pegged to a single reference currency, maintaining the peg is relatively straightforward. The value of the local currency is a simple function of the amount of the reference currency in the financial system, and changes in the currency value are reflected as price inflation or deflation; in order to exercise control over the local currency, the central bank sells the reference currency to move the value of the local currency higher, or purchases the reference currency to reduce the value of the local currency. Read more:  Money Makes the World Go Around A single currency peg is impractical  because the value of the reference currency always fluctuates. Let’s say that an example country – we’ll call it Examplestan – sets the value of its currency, the clam, at 5 clams to one US dollar. If a merchant in Examplestan imports $20 worth of goods from the US, he pays 100 clams. At the same time, he imports $20 worth of goods from Europe, whose euro is equal to $1.20; therefore, he only receives $16.67 worth of goods for his 100 clams. That means to earn back his 100 clams from selling the goods, he has to inflate the price by 16.65%, because the goods he bought from Europe are only worth 83.35 clams. The relative value of the clam is also affected by price inflation or deflation in the US; the actual amount of goods received for the equivalent of $20 will differ as inflation increases or decreases, which causes inflation or deflation of the clam as a follow-on effect. The opposite end of the spectrum from a fixed exchange rate is a floating exchange rate, in which market forces determine the value of the currency. The currency in a floating exchange rate system is treated as a commodity, and its value is determined by supply and demand.   There is no country that uses a fully floating exchange rate scheme, but some of the effects of what it can do to a local currency can be seen in emerging markets where large inflows of foreign investment money have driven the value of the local currency higher. The Philippines, which currently has the best-performing stocks in the world, is a good example. The high inflow of foreign money into the local stock market represents high demand for the Philippine peso – the investors are trading their dollars, euros, yen, and other currencies for equity, valued in pesos, in Philippine companies. Thus the value of the peso is growing, meaning that fewer pesos can be exchanged for one unit of a foreign currency. This is good for the economy in one respect because it makes imports cheaper, but it increases the cost of exports and tends to dampen demand for local labor and goods. Dirty Floats and Currency Hedges In order to find a â€Å"happy medium† between imposing strict control over the currency value and allowing it to seek an efficient value through market effects, most governments practice what is called a managed float, sometimes also referred to as a â€Å"dirty float†. Instead of setting a fixed exchange rate for its currency, the central bank will set a target range. Rather than fix the currency at 5 clams = $1, the central bank of Examplestan might instead choose to let the value of the clam fluctuate, so long as it does not fall outside a range of 4.50 to 5.50 clams per dollar. There is a number of advantages to maintaining a dirty float. Allowing the currency to fluctuate within a controllable range reduces the number of foreign reserves the central bank must hold, which frees up financial resources and permits the central bank to speculate on the future value of the currency to a degree by issuing bonds denominated in either the local or foreign currencies. This is a form of hedging, because the bonds lock in a future value, in the sense that the amount of a bond issue represents a known release of either the local or foreign currency in the future when the bonds reach their maturity. This is similar to the forms of hedging and speculation that private investors can engage in by treating currency as a commodity, including options contracts, forward contracts, currency swaps, and futures contracts. In the private sector, currency hedging and speculation are particularly useful for companies whose trade involves a large amount of foreign currency. For example, the trader in Examplestan may wish to purchase an option to swap a certain number of clams for US dollars at a fixed rate lower than the present exchange rate, say 5.10 clams to the dollar, if he suspects that when he completes a future purchase of US imports, the rate will be even lower than that. If when the time comes, the actual exchange rate is 5.12 clams to the dollar, he exercises the option and lowers his purchase cost by 0.1% not a lot, but for companies whose transactions are in the millions of dollars (or clams), the difference can be very significant. Naturally, foreign currency exchange rates is far more complex theme than what is described in this brief article, but to help understand its intricacies, just remember the basic point that the value of a currency is determined by its amount in a financial system compared to other currencies in the system, and that managing the values of those is really only a matter of managing quantities.

Scanning the Environment DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scanning the Environment DB - Essay Example However, people may typically not want to compromise too much on cost for food items. These socio-economic trends in population has resulted in Aldi's strategy for high quality and low cost food products. The amount of television and internet advertisements for their respective products from Amazon and Aldi's will be a part of the marketing strategy of these companies. The target customer segments, their demographics and behavioral trends will determine the mode and volume of television and internet advertisements. It can be observed that the people having obesity problems tend to live a sedentary lifestyle with more number of hours in front of televisions or computers. No such observation can be made for target customers for high quality foods. Hence, in case of Amazon the amount of television and internet advertisements will be more as compared to Aldi's. While both, Amazon and Aldi's may have their advantages and disadvantages, considering their strategies, Amazon seems to be better positioned than Aldi's. The main reason for this being focused on a particular target customer segment i.e.

Performance and Reward Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and Reward Management - Essay Example A good performance strategy entails a good competitive strategy, organizational structure, corporate structure and good human resources processes that include a reward management (Shields 2007). Reward strategy and management Reward strategy means achieving a balance between the human resource strategies, the environment that the organization operates in including the culture, technology and the external environment. It sets out to establish the purpose and intent of the organization on how its policies and processes on rewards meet the objectives of the business (Molander, et al 1994). Companies are increasingly trying to involve employees in the decision making processes and training them so as to attract and maintain them. Reward management involves managing all those rewards that are given to employees due to their contribution towards the growth and development of a company. It also involves identifying the strategies, systems, processes and policies that enable an organization to achieve its objectives by rewarding and attracting people they require by way of motivating them. It aims at meeting the individual, organizations and team performance as per the objectives set out. According to Williams and MacDerine, proper management of the rewards system usually leads to an enhanced employee behavior and well being, a well balanced relationship between life and work and eventually it increases the motivation and performance of the employees (Cornelius, 2001). A good reward system must be able to prioritize reward plans that are in line with the human resource and business strategies. A good reward strategy has four main guiding principles which include equity, constitency, transparency and fairness. The strategy must be fair... Reward strategy means achieving a balance between the human resource strategies, the environment that the organization operates in including the culture, technology and the external environment. It sets out to establish the purpose and intent of the organization on how its policies and processes on rewards meet the objectives of the business (Molander, et al 1994).Companies are increasingly trying to involve employees in the decision making processes and training them so as to attract and maintain them. Reward management involves managing all those rewards that are given to employees due to their contribution towards the growth and development of a company. It also involves identifying the strategies, systems, processes and policies that enable an organization to achieve its objectives by rewarding and attracting people they require by way of motivating them.   It aims at meeting the individual, organizations and team performance as per the objectives set out. According to Williams and MacDerine, proper management of the rewards system usually leads to an enhanced employee behavior and well being, a well balanced relationship between life and work and eventually it increases the motivation and performance of the employees (Cornelius, 2001).  A good reward system must be able to prioritize reward plans that are in line with the human resource and business strategies. People will always feel treated fairly according to how they are paid and depending on the value of their work to the company.

Facts of Palese v. Delaware State Lottery Office Essay

Facts of Palese v. Delaware State Lottery Office - Essay Example Palese contacted the Lottery Office in writing, describing his predicament and was directed to wait for one year so that his claim could be reviewed. 11 months later, Palese read in the dailies that the Lottery Office had transferred his unclaimed lottery jackpot to the State’s General Fund. Palese contacted the Lottery Office again and was told to explain how he had purchased the lottery and lost the tickets, much to Palese’s compliance. Even after hearing that Palese still had the play slip, the Lottery Office held that he was to be denied his claim since he could not produce his actual winning ticket. Palese took the matter to the court for litigation while the Lottery Office equally rushed to dismiss Palese’s claim on the account that Palese could not sufficiently state his claim for which the relief was to be granted. In the case Palese v. Delaware State Lottery Office, 1546-N, as the plaintiff, Palese accuses the Lottery Office of unjust enrichment since it had taken his rightfully owned prize to the State’s General Fund. In this light, he wants the prize he had won to be accorded him. Whether or not the rules of the Lottery Act such as Lottery Regulation 18 and 19 should be amended to allow the Lottery Act to capture unforeseeable circumstances such as inadvertent destruction or loss of the winning ticket. The Court of Chancery of Delaware heard from both the plaintiff and the respondent and referred to the directives in the Lottery Act, the Lottery Regulation 18 and 19 to arrive at its verdict.

Architectural Designing Firm Business Plan Marketing Essay

Architectural Designing Firm Business Plan Marketing Essay Contemporary Island Designers Associates (C.I.D.) will be an Architectural Designing as well as Cost Estimating, Building Construction, Project Management and Consultations business specializing in residential and small commercial structures in the Jamaican domestic and commercial market, temporarily based out of my home in the Kingston 10 Area of Jamaica. The business will provide consultation and Draughting services using technologically superior processes, providing greater value for clients and enhanced  design and construction. The target clients are segmented into three categories; potential and existing home owners and developers initially. Contemporary Island Designers competitive edge will be the knowledge of digital-based design resources, creativity and results orientated. Superior customer service will also be  a point of firm differentiation. First year profits are expected to reach $xxxxx and increase to $xxxxx by the third year of operation. We will be profitable within three years of starting. The most significant challenges ahead include: (a). securing a suitable location (b) establishing the initial client base and (c)  positioning the business to be able to have a presence in a larger market. This business plan outlines the objective, focus, and implementation of this start-up firm. 1.1 Mission Contemporary Island Designers Associates will offer a new type of digital interactive media for both the client and the builder. This media will clearly show the client and the builder exactly what the design will look like in a three dimensional (Animated) perspective and the method(s) of construction. With this new form of media, the client does not have to know anything about Architectural designing graphics or terminology (floor plans, sections, elevations construction documents) to have a clear understanding of what the end result will look like. This is possible through the use of computer-rendered images and interactive video. This media will be taken one step further by using it in the construction documents as well. The builder(s) may be provided with an interactive video rendering of the entire building containing both visual photographic quality images and construction specs. Specific details will be worked out in three dimensions in such a way that anyone who knows how to use a computer will be able to access and understand this new means of Architectural presentation. 1.2 Keys to Success Provide a service that is technologically superior to the competitions. Utilizing the skills and knowledge gained in a competent and efficient manner through a diverse staff of Architectural Technologist/Draughtsman to provide a wide variety of product styles. A large array of connections and associations with reputable professionals and business executives. Objectives To establish and keep satisfied a vast client base. To provide quality workmanship to satisfy costumer(s) needs and to sustain the reputation of designing and construction in the Jamaican industry. Sales of at least $540,000 in  Year 3  and $725,000 by Year 4. Market expansion of 20% per year via the  Internet and other mediums. Creating new niche in market by  Year 4  of three dimensional construction documents and interactive digital presentation to clients. Company Summary Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide a service of Architectural designs via digital media to the limits of technology. This approach will  offer optimal efficiency to the firm and superior value, design processes, and construction methods to the client. 2.1Businnes Ownership Contemporary Island Designers will be created as a Kingston operation based initially in the Molynes Road area. It will be  owned by its principal investor and operator, Mr. Miguel Wood. 2.2 Start-up Summary Contemporary Island Designers start-up costs total $xxxxx. The most significant purchases needed are a plotter, office printer, and desktop and laptop computer. Five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) will be needed in cash to sustain the business for the first  year to cover rent and wages until a profit is made. 2.3 Company Locations and Facilities The  interim office of Contemporary Island Designers Associates will be located at my home at Tamarind Avenue, Kingston until dedicated office space is secured. Services Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide many levels of service such as Architectural Designing and Planning, Cost Estimating, Building Construction, Project Management and Consultations to cater to large and small  corporations and entities, along with making it affordable for middle and upper socioeconomic classes. 3.1 Service Description In order for Contemporary Island Designers Associates to provide this new innovative service of digital media, the company will use high speed computers running programs such as AutoCAD, AutoCAD Architecture Rivet Architecture and 3D Max. To keep up with changes in technology, Contemporary Island Designers will investigate all up and coming software related to digital 3-D design to stay at the forefront of the market.   Again, this is a key strategic component to differentiate the firm and to optimize productivity and efficiency. Market Analysis Summary Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide its service to home owners who are looking to start new construction, remodel, as well as  developers and contractors and other private parties in the domestic markets. Although we are going to cater to a relatively broad scope of customers, the business will decide what the target market is based on sales and trends experienced in the initial months of operation. 4.1 Market Segmentation Potential clients for Contemporary Island Designers Associates market are broken down into four categories: home owners, developers and contractors. Home owners and potential home owners are the largest group based on shear population and this will be emphasized in  all of the business marketing and promotional efforts. Targeting the remaining  two groups will be dependent upon establishing meaningful relationships, and responding and qualifying for request for proposals. 4.2 Service Business Analysis The Architecture/Designing business across the country is primarily made up of small- to mid-sized firms specializing in a particular architectural/design type. But there are also a few large firms that have almost dominated the design of large commercial and industrial facilities.   Initially, Contemporary Island Designers main competitors will be the small to midsized firms.   Strategy and Implementation Summary In the first year of business, Contemporary Island Designers will focus on the Kingston and St. Andrew and the Portmore area of St. Catharine. As the business grows, sales will expand throughout these areas and across the country, eventually spreading regionally. 5.1 Sales Strategy Sales in this  business is a direct result of exceptional client service. It is based on the firms  image and the referrals that result. The more clients this company pleases, the more referrals are given. We will work to provide a positive experience in all cases so our clients will refer and return to us for future work as well. 5.1.1 Sales Forecast Sales are broken down into three categories: Consultations, Design and Supervision of the construction. These three categories put together, may make up one architecture/design project. The totals for each project are based on a 10% cut from the total construction costs of each job. The following table and chart provides an overview  of our  forecast sales.   Actual sales could vary depending on the project size and budget. 5.2 Competitive Edge This business will have a competitive edge over both the larger and smaller firms because it will be composed of the  new generation of Architectural Technologists which are fluent in the digital world. Many firms today employ personnel of which find the computer 3D modeling a mystery, and most of those that do use the computer only have the ability to design in 2-D. Management Summary This business will start with one Architectural Technologists/Designer. In August of 2011, a clerical position will be added. By 2012, Other Architectural Technologists will be hired to compensate the increased work load. 6.1 Personnel Plan The following table summarizes our personnel expenditures for the first three years of operation. Financial Plan Contemporary Island Designers will increase growth and technology with cash flow as it increases through the years. Further money will be set aside to pay for further consulting as needed. 7.1 Important Assumptions The annual assumptions made in the following table are based on a stable economy. We will adjust these assumptions as changes occur in the now tumultuous economy the Bay Area is experiencing. 7.2 Key Financial Indicators The following benchmark chart indicates our key financial indicators for the first three years. 7.3 Break-even Analysis The following chart and table summarize our break-even analysis. Break-even Analysis Monthly Revenue Break-even $80,348 Average Percent Variable Cost 1% Assumptions: Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $80,246 7.4 Projected Profit and Loss Net profit is virtually nonexistent for the first two years of operation, with respectable increases after that time. Our projected profit and loss is shown on the following table, with sales starting at $102,000 for the first year and climbing to $500,000 the third year. Pro Forma Profit and Loss 7.5 Projected Cash Flow Cash flow is vital to the well being of this company because of the duration of payment. The following chart and table below show cash flow projections. 7.6 Projected Balance Sheet The following table shows our projected Balance Sheet and net worth over the next three years. 7.7 Business Ratios Business ratios for the years of this plan are shown below. Industry profile ratios based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 7383, Independent Artists (including Architects), are shown for comparison.

Jazz Age Essay -- Music, Armstrong, Ellington

music alike ( Windfield 240). A lot of musicians were involved, from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington. The Jazz movement affected United States history and the future music industry in a variety of ways. Initially, the first jazz is said to have been played by funeral bands that wailed music full of soul and sadness as the followed horse drawn hearses down the streets of New Orleans. It was blues music though (Winfield 157). Many historians mark the start of the â€Å"Jazz Age† on November 12, 1917- the day the Department of the Navy closed a thirty-eight square-block neighborhood known as storyville in the city of New Orleans. Fearing the health of its sailors, the navy shut the doors of Storyville’s brothels and nightclubs, forcing hundreds of New Orleans musicians to search elsewhere for the livelihoods (Friedwald 157). After storyville was closed down, jazz musicians began moving north to take up permanent residence-several dozen of them landing in the great migratory target of Chicago alone (Shipton 132). From Chicago, jazz quickly migrated to New York City. That is where jazz became popular on the radio (Shipton 137). Jazz grew up in variety of venues as diverse as America itself-in taverns, ballrooms, gambling clubs, and hotels. Musicians at little clubs with their tiny audiences was where their music flourished (Shipton 143). Many Jazz musicians spent the most part of their adult lives in clubs, drank there, ate there, avoided the draft, and met their ends (Shipton 144). In addition to how Jazz started, there were plenty of musicians involved in the movement. One of the most impactful players were Louis Armstrong. Louis hardly had a family at all and raised in New Orleans’ Negro red light district (Friedwald 342). From th... ... like in places such as Britain, Germany, and France. That was helped on having it being radio broadcasted. Jazz introduced other stuff like the birth of Bebop, Free Jazz, and Smooth Jazz (Shipton 850). In conclusion, November 12, 1917 was an important day since it was the start of â€Å"Jazz Age when the Navy closed down a neighborhood named Storyville in New Orleans. Every musician involved helped to shape the music of Jazz. African Americans were able to express their feelings and make some money to play in bands. People in the music industry now use some jazzy kind of music and do not even know (Winfield 427). If was not for the jazz movement we probably would not be able to enjoy the music going on now. Many people call jazz America’s most original art form of music, but the great trumpet player Louis Armstrong would say its form is just unknown. (Szwed 457). Jazz Age Essay -- Music, Armstrong, Ellington music alike ( Windfield 240). A lot of musicians were involved, from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington. The Jazz movement affected United States history and the future music industry in a variety of ways. Initially, the first jazz is said to have been played by funeral bands that wailed music full of soul and sadness as the followed horse drawn hearses down the streets of New Orleans. It was blues music though (Winfield 157). Many historians mark the start of the â€Å"Jazz Age† on November 12, 1917- the day the Department of the Navy closed a thirty-eight square-block neighborhood known as storyville in the city of New Orleans. Fearing the health of its sailors, the navy shut the doors of Storyville’s brothels and nightclubs, forcing hundreds of New Orleans musicians to search elsewhere for the livelihoods (Friedwald 157). After storyville was closed down, jazz musicians began moving north to take up permanent residence-several dozen of them landing in the great migratory target of Chicago alone (Shipton 132). From Chicago, jazz quickly migrated to New York City. That is where jazz became popular on the radio (Shipton 137). Jazz grew up in variety of venues as diverse as America itself-in taverns, ballrooms, gambling clubs, and hotels. Musicians at little clubs with their tiny audiences was where their music flourished (Shipton 143). Many Jazz musicians spent the most part of their adult lives in clubs, drank there, ate there, avoided the draft, and met their ends (Shipton 144). In addition to how Jazz started, there were plenty of musicians involved in the movement. One of the most impactful players were Louis Armstrong. Louis hardly had a family at all and raised in New Orleans’ Negro red light district (Friedwald 342). From th... ... like in places such as Britain, Germany, and France. That was helped on having it being radio broadcasted. Jazz introduced other stuff like the birth of Bebop, Free Jazz, and Smooth Jazz (Shipton 850). In conclusion, November 12, 1917 was an important day since it was the start of â€Å"Jazz Age when the Navy closed down a neighborhood named Storyville in New Orleans. Every musician involved helped to shape the music of Jazz. African Americans were able to express their feelings and make some money to play in bands. People in the music industry now use some jazzy kind of music and do not even know (Winfield 427). If was not for the jazz movement we probably would not be able to enjoy the music going on now. Many people call jazz America’s most original art form of music, but the great trumpet player Louis Armstrong would say its form is just unknown. (Szwed 457).

Methods Section: How Work Affects GPA

To assess the influence of employment on the grade point average of students who are either part time or full time employed, the researcher prepared a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions.   The open ended questions were meant to provide greater insight into the subject.   Responses to such questions that the researcher considered worthy of note were recorded in the Discussions section of the study.   The closed ended questions, on the other hand, provided the researcher with quantitative data.   An analysis of the answers to the closed ended questions utilized descriptive statistics, the most important of which was the mean value of the variable in question (See Questionnaire in the Appendix).The researcher identified fifteen students who were engaged in full time employment, plus fifteen more who were employed part time.   Participants in each of the groups were selected out of the student population based on the researcher’s discretion rather than ra ndom selection.   The selected participants in the study had first of all to sign an â€Å"Informed Consent† form to declare that they understand that they are participating in a research study to understand the influence of employment on the grade point average.Also on the â€Å"Informed Consent† form was a signed statement of the researcher, claiming that the data collected through the questionnaire as well as the results of the research would not identify the participant’s name.   In other words, all information gathered through this research is confidential with respect to the names of the participants in the study (See Informed Consent form in the Appendix).Following the agreement of the students to participate in the study – as indicated on the â€Å"informed consent† forms that each individual subject was required to sign – the participants,  divided into two groups based on the above mentioned criteria, received the questionnai re designed by the researcher.   The verbal instructions given the participants were simply to answer all questions honestly, and to turn in their completed questionnaires by the end of the week during which the questionnaires were handed out.   The participants, upon being handed out the questionnaires, were also asked to feel free to contact the researcher at any time in order to pose any questions that would emerge in the process of the completion of the questionnaire.Once the participants had submitted their questionnaires on time to the researcher, the latter began qualitative and quantitative analysis on the collected data.

The differences between Shia and Sunni Essay Example

The differences between Shia and Sunni Essay Example The differences between Shia and Sunni Paper The differences between Shia and Sunni Paper I. The differences between Shia and Sunni A. History The struggle within Islam arose after Prophet Muhammad died in A.D. 632. When the Prophet died, the followings of Muhammad could nt hold on the issue of who should go the first calif after Muhammad. One group, subsequently know as Shia, insisted that the Prophet had already picked that Ali will be first Imam after him ( Eckman 31 ) . This means the Prophet intended that calif should go on within the Prophet s lineage. So, they admired Ali, who was the Prophet s cousin and hubby of the Prophet s girl, Fatima to be the first 1 ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . While another group, subsequently known as Sunni, claimed that the Prophet had left this issue to them, his followings, to make up ones mind whether who should go the first calif. Sunni selected Abu Bakr, the Prophet s male parent in jurisprudence, to go first Imam. This unresolved issue led to a civil war between Sunni and Shia for many old ages. As a consequence, Abu Bakr won and became the first Imam ( Eckman 31 ) . After Bakr died, there were 2 more Imams, Umar and Uthman, before Sunni decide to choose Ali to go the calif ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . But, Shia did non accept this determination and refused to fall in with Sunni. They continued their belief that the leaders of the Islamic universe should stay within the Prophet s household through Ali and Fatima and that they recognized Ali to be the first Imam ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . After Ali died, Shia believed that there were 11 more Imams after Ali within the Prophet s household. Unexpectedly, the 12th Imams, Al-Mahdi, disappeared after he became a calif for a few yearss. Shia refused to accept that Mahdi had died, but they insisted that he really hid himself and he will return one twenty-four hours to restore a new order and Islamic jurisprudence in the Earth once more ( Eckman 32 ) . B. Theological Belief Although Shia and Sunni are Muslim, and both of them believe in the Quran and the Five Pillars, the nucleus cardinal belief of Islam, they are wholly different from each other in many ways. First, there are differences between clerical and church construction. ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . Shia Islam is seen to similar to Catholic Church in the manner that their construction of their church are both really hierarchal, while Sunni Islam are more resemble to the Protestant Church with trusting more on self-independent ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . Like Pope, Shia Imam is divinely divine and infallible in any judgements. Unlike Shia Imams, this belief does non look among Sunni ( Eckman 34 ) . The belief that Shia Imam is divinely divine came from the Shia Muslim believe Muhammad designated all 12 sucessors by name and that they inherited a particular cognition of the true significance of the Bible that was passed through the Prophet s descendent ( Dallal 27 ) . Second, Shia strongly holds the value an d the importance of the thought of sufferer and agony ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . This thought of sufferer and agony appear and express in many of Shia s ritual and presentation while Sunni rejects to accept this thought ( Eckman 34 ) . Third, Shia and Sunni both acknowledge the thought of the terminal times harmonizing to the Quran says, but the Suuni refused to admit the thought about the Expected and Awaited Imam which is taught among Shia that he will return one twenty-four hours to vaticinate the terminal of times to his people ( Eckman 34 ) . C. Practical Differences The Shias have a different manner to make the rite to the Sunni, wudu and salat patterns performed by them differ from the 1s practiced by the Suuni, for case of Shias, brow is placed onto a piece of hard-boiled clay from Karbala, and non straight onto the supplication mat when they perform worship ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . Prayers are frequently combined by the Shias besides, and sometimes merely three ( alternatively of five ) worshipping is performed per twenty-four hours. The Shias prefer some different ahadith, particularly the 1s narrated by Ali and Fatima instead than the 1s by other comrades of the Prophet ( pbuh ) ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . The 1s narrated by Aisha are one of the least preferable due to her resistance to Ali. Shia Islam besides allowed a fixed-term impermanent matrimony called muttah which is presently prohibited by the Sunnis ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . II. The predicament of Shia minority There are 2 chief spiritual subdivisions in Saudi Arabia which are Sunni and Shia. The bulk one is Sunni while the minority is Shia ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . Shia in Saudi Arabia consists of about 15 per centum of its whole population and they largely live in eastern portion of the state, such as, Qatif, Dammam, and Al-Hasa, the oil-riches country. ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) In 1930, when King AbdulAziz Ibn Saud found Saudi Arabia, he declared his land to be free to pattern Shia ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . But, King AbdulAziz Ibn s purpose to make free spiritual state does non truly travel into consequence. Obviously, Shias still have a really rough life as they have to confront persecution and favoritism mundane life by Saudi Sunnis who views them as treasonist and heretic ( Megalommatis 49 ) . Furthermore, in some country, Shias even have to hide their religion in secret making the ritual as they are frighten that their unrecorded might non be safe from those extremist Sunni people who hate them ( Al.Has san 16 ) . From these grounds, many Saudi Shias are really connected with Shias in Iran who portion similar belief ( Yamani 8 ) . As Saudi authorities sees this closely relationship between Iranain Shias and Saudi Shias, they perceive it as a menace to national security. Therefore, the Saudi authorities acts more suppressive to Shias than of all time. Because of the oppressive Acts of the Apostless committed by the authorities, the Saudi authorities has been universe widely recognized as the most anti-Shia authorities in the universe ( Megalommatis 49 ) . A. Religious Freedom The tenseness between Sunni and Shia in Saudi Arabia reaches its flood tide these past few old ages ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . During February 2009, Shia Pilgrims from eastern portion of Saudi Arabia came to Medina to mark the day of remembrance of the Prophet Muhammad s decease , but they were refused by the Sunni spiritual constabularies to fall in the ceremonial due to their different belief in philosophy and ritual. This brought Shia Pilgrims to clash with Sunni spiritual constabularies who were at the front gate. ( Human Right Watch 4 ) At a consequence, many Shia Muslims were wounded and captured and 3 of them died ( Yamani 7 ) . After the confrontation between Shia and Sunni spiritual constabularies, many Shias in London, Berlin and the Hugue came out and protested in forepart of Saudi consulate to name for their independency province from Saudi Arabia ( Yamani 8 ) . Since the state of affairs both in the state and outside the state became worse and worse, King Abdullah decided to let go of the spiritual captives. Still the jobs remain explosive ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . In March 2009, Saudi Shias, populating in Qutif and Safwa, protested against unjust intervention by its authorities. Many of them were arrested and detained for many months ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . In May, June and July 2009, the governments were ordered by Eastern Province governor to shut down private halls and besides imprison many Shias in Kholar and Ahsa because they had in secret pattern spiritual activities where it banned by the authorities ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . In April 2010 in Khobar, Eastern Saudi Arabia, a Shia English instructor, Hussan Al Makki, was arrested by Intelligence Administration force. Makki was charged of go againsting the authorities s prohibition to pattern any Shia rite. Furthermore, there were other 3 people that were arrested on the same charge as Makki ( Rasid News Network 28 ) . Although Shia s ritual and public jubilation of their spiritual events are considere d illegal to execute, but Shias still continue to pattern both publically and in secret. ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) .Moreover, Shias mosques are forced to close down often. Harmonizing to the Saudi jurisprudence, to open the mosque, it has to acquire a licence from authorities foremost. It is frequently the instance that the authorities will non allow this licence, peculiarly, to Shia mosque. Therefore, it becomes a common and legal thing for the Saudi authorities to close down the Shia mosque under the charge of non holding licence to run ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) . In add-on, the authorities besides restricts on how Shia can construct their house. The authorities prohibits the Shia from holding cellar within their house because the authorities does non desire Shias to turn it into supplication hall, Hussueniyas ( Jafariya News 47 ) . Up to today, the authorities does non let publication of Shia spiritual books, it blocks their web sites, and does non let them any look in the public media. ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) . Many spiritual books, used in universities for classs, disrespect Shia at all by utilizing bad and humbling words to depict them and even mentioning them as Rafuda which means rejectionists of faith. ( Al.Hassan 13 ) . B. Education Not merely Shias are limited the right to pattern spiritual freedom, but besides in instruction ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . From the statistic, there are merely 7 Shia schoolmasters out of 319 male child schools and no Shia headmistress in miss schools at all in Eastern Province where bulk of Shias live. Besides King Faisal University, where its headquarter located at Ahsa in Eastern Province, is consisted of merely 7 professors out of 287 professors ( Human Rights First Society 37 ) . Furthermore, any private schools or babys rooms operated by Shia people are non allowed be opened. ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . Shia s theological belief is non allowed in Teach in school ( Human Right Watch 6 ) . Furthermore, in the school, it becomes a normal thing that many Sunni instructors publically condemn and look down on Shia pupils sing them as heretic ( Wikipedia 12 ) . Dr. Mohamed J. Al.Hassan, a professor at King Saud University, one time said that his girl was insulted by Sunni instructor and he call ed the school to name for justness by firing the instructor, but nil happened to the instructor. Furthermore, some extremist people saw that the instructor should hold done more than that ( Al.Hassan 18 ) . But this can non merely be blamed on those instructors themselves. As throughout of the instructors lives, they have been brainwashed to detest and diss Shia Muslims so when they become a instructor, they will go through their belief to their childs. This will go on from coevals to coevals ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . Not merely Shia pupils are insulted by Sunni instructors, but even Shia instructors or professors are besides insulted by Sunni pupils every bit good ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . C. Social Opportunity Socially, Shias sometimes have to conceal their religion and in secret worship to forestall them from any persecution. Furthermore Shias are ever treated as a 2nd citizen by their authorities. For illustration, the Fatima Shia of Najaran, an ancient native community, received really bad dainty from the authorities. More Than 3000 members from the community were forced to go forth their place to travel to else without any good ground ( Megalommatis 50 ) . The authorities besides limits their freedom on how Shia named their kids in order to deter them from demoing their individuality. ( Wikipedia 12 ) before tribunal where everyone claims a justness section. For illustration, Sunni justice will non let or accept the informant who is Shia. Furthermore, the tribunal Judgess any instances based on Sunni spiritual jurisprudence. Furthermore, no Saudi Shias have right to function as a justice in tribunal and besides in any high-rank place within authorities and military ( Human Right Watch 6 ) . Government passes out several edicts that encourage people with hatred, force and favoritism against Shia. Some edicts recognize Shia as illegal and non-Muslim and can non populate harmoniously with Shia. ( Al.Hassan 13 ) Other edicts claim Shia to deviate the existent significance of Islam and polytheists. ( 14 ) This type of favoritism and hatred besides widely appear on the cyberspace advancing violent and segregation against Shia. Surprisingly those violent Sunni web site are allowed to travel on while Shia website which advancing peace and integrity are blocked really fast by Saudi authorities. ( J, 25 ) Saudi Shia are out to take any senior place in Government. There are no Shia curates, diplomats, security officers, ground forces commanding officer, air force pilots, spiritual instructors, caput of authorities bureaus, Judgess, city managers, official imaums, Royal officers, caput of public company and many other senior authorities. ( Megalommatis 49 ) . III. Chemical reaction A. Shia All the Saudi Shia wants is for their authorities to esteem their individuality and handle them every bit. Yet, Saudi governments routinely treat these people with scorn and intuition. ( Human Right Watch 4 ) . Shia Muslims in Saudi Arabia have been so long looking for more equality in their day-to-day life in society including freedom to idolize. They want to hold legal right to hold their ain mosque, Shia spiritual book, and besides are accepted by everyone ( Al Qudaihi 2 ) . Saudi Shias has set up a new resistance group to name for more equal intervention for their people called Khalas . This group claims that the authorities has opportunities to reform its society to be more openness toward Shia, but they are merely non willing to make it so ( Al Qudaihi 3 ) . Tawfik al-saif, a Saudi political militant, states that to stop these drawn-out struggles, the Saudi authorities should present both political and societal reforms to do Sunni and Shia much more integrate to each othe r ( Al Qudaihi 2 ) . To stop these jobs, Mai Yamani, a Saudi bookman, suggests that Saudi should alter from molithic Wahabi national individuality to be more unfastened and inclusive everyone. This means that Saudi Arabia has merely 2 picks to take either stoping favoritism against Shia and giving them their right socially and politically, or sitting down and watch them to derive their strength from foreigners and the state go decomposition ( Yamani 9 ) . Recently, King Abdullah has tried to promote Saudi people to pattern spiritual tolerance and unrecorded together peacefully, but a big figure of province establishments still commit to know apart Shias non to be able to keep any public offices ( Human Right Watch 4 ) . D. King and the Saudi authorities In 2003, Prince Abdullah began the thought to acquire both Sunni and Shia Clerics to come together for the first clip. 5 old ages subsequently, Prince Abdullah besides supported a pan-Muslim World meeting for Shia and Sunni keeping in Mecca ( Financial Times 25 ) . Since 2001, Saudi authorities stated that they have prepared to redact text editions, curricular, learning method to recommend tolerance and take dissing word from the book. Despite their effort to alter the prejudice position toward Shia, text editions used in schools still contain the words that show intolerance position toward Shia advancing force and hatred against Shia. ( Scripture Seed Foundation 42 )

WAS IRV

WAS IRV Intro In all of Washington Irving's short stories he has a negative view on women he is not a man whom has seen women in the best of ways. All of the women in his stories are some how miss treated. He shows this by giving them bad "appearances"‚ . He makes the women seem that they are always nagging and always annoying.Rip van winkle In Rip Van winkle his wife is rude to him. She is always nagging about him helping others and not Her. He writes as if he is disgusted with all women when he writes his stories. In the book it shows that Rip does not care about his wife he is just happy he is alive. This viewpoint is shown in the quote "From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife"‚ . He shows a hate towards his wife in Rip van Winkle.Wife.

Bicyclists and motorcyclists should be required by law t Essay

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Governance and Politics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Governance and Politics - Assignment Example The prosperity of an organization or a nation highly depends on its political willpower and framework. Organizations adapt political strategies that will enable them to impact on the formulation and implementation of policies and regulations that affect them. These strategies could be reactive or proactive. Non-profit organizations are more democratic than profit organizations. This allows them to adapt proactive political strategies. These include government association and ‘Action’ Advocacy for example electoral, legislation, media, international, grassroots, public education and opinion shaping and legal advocacy. These political strategies are ‘outward-focused ‘and allow for dialogue, and often contest, with the government, for-profit organizations and the public (Bruce, 1992). For-profit organizations are less democratic. They usually adapt reactive political strategies as a means of presenting or defending their political positions on certain issues. Examples are direct and citizen participation, and representation strategies. These strategies give little room for dialogue with non-profit organizations and the public. If the nonprofit organization were a public education organization, the strategy would change to societal force mobilisation so ·ci ·e ·tal  Ã‚   Diversity on board enables an organization to benefit from the varied pool of thoughts and experiences. This enhances the organization’s problem-solving ability and its ability to utilize available global opportunities. According to Ramiez (2003), board diversity also helps to avoid remove corruption which is normally encouraged by close relations among board members. It enables a board, on behalf of the organization, to achieve a global reach for their business. This is a sign of improved effectiveness. This is true especially if the diversified