Negative Effects Of Cell Phone Of Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1610 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? Steve Sheridan Professor Simakowicz 1st Draft Paper 13 April 2010 â€Å"Do Cell Phones Help or Hinder Society? † Times have changed tremendously in the last twenty five years in regards to how the world communicates with each other. The birth of new technology such as cell phones with internet capability, laptop computers, and even the recently released I-Pad has made communication with anyone outside of talking distance immediately accessible. Even though to many people this seems like a movement in the right direction for the future of the world, there are still people who hold firm on the idea that communicating with people face to face is much better for society. Teenagers today use cell phones much more than any other age group, but they are not the only ones affected; parents and even young children have become wrapped up in mobile connectivity. Cell phone companies understand this and in an effort to make more money, they put out new hardware such as newer , more stylish cell phones and software such as internet, text messaging, and applications that can hold anyone’s attention for long periods of time. For the working class mothers and fathers, a call from the boss on a Saturday afternoon to come into work is never far away from possible. Each of these things causes problems in society that were less noticeable in past years, whereas the addiction to cell phones today is a full blown epidemic. Though cell phones have many positive functions and can help people in their everyday lives, the same negative effects of cell phones will only continue to grow and spread throughout society, and essentially have the capability to change everyday life as we know it now. It is noticeable everywhere you go in public. People no longer keep their cell phone in their pocket or a bag anymore. They have it in their hands so that they can be ready to use it in case of a call or text. This kind of behavior spills into home and family life, esp ecially on parents. A study was put together by Professor Noelle Chelsey, who tested thirteen hundred adults over four years. The study concluded that, â€Å"people who consistently used a mobile phone or pager during the duration of the study were more likely to report increased levels of spillover between work and home, which led to decreased satisfaction with family life. † (Reimer) The problems that mothers were facing were the calls that interrupted work from children. When a problem happened at home, the children would immediately call their mother. This would cause extreme amounts on her stress because she would be far away from being in place to help her child. On the other hand, the fathers had problems with work interrupting family life. Especially in today’s society, more and more jobs involve the employees taking home a personal laptop or work cell phone on order to always be in contact if needed. This greatly interrupts family life and can cause incr eased stress. Though this is such a negative side effect, it still seems that people are still too fond of their own cell phones to ever realize the problems they are creating. It is unbelievable how people today are constantly in contact with one other. There are always text messages being sent or received that it seems like people are more interested in what is going on in their cell phone life compared to talking to people in social settings. The largest problem is that the general teenage population of the world has conformed to the cell phone fad, which actually in turn makes texting people and playing cell phone videos the â€Å"cool† thing to do. John Crippen, a man who has written about the dangers of over excessive cell phone use writes, â€Å"From cell phones to video games, computers to DVDs, the documented effect on kids and teens is unquestionably negative. These negative effects are caused primarily by the tendency to withdraw from social interaction, wit hdrawal from society in general, a lack of exercise even vitamin deficiencies resulting from lack of sunshine. † (Crippen) Unfortunately, Crippen’s statement has a large amount of truth behind it. People today literally do not get enough personal interactions during the day due to the fact that everyone they talk to is on their cell phone. This is a problem because average conversations with people are becoming increasingly more awkward and people simply do not know how to talk to each other. It is a fact that people even use their cell phones in order to make them feel better in awkward social situations. If a person is walking through a crowded social place and they are alone, they even fake that they are on the phone so they do not put themselves into ocial situations that make them feel awkward. This fact is enough for anyone to realize that cell phones have negatively affected how people communicate with each other and how they build relationships. The last and most important negative factor that cell phones have and everybody seems to take part in, is text messaging. There was at first instant messenger on computers which required the person to be online and at the computer to talk to others who are also online. Cell phone companies have taken that idea and turned instant messenger into a never ending spectrum. Texters send messages at all times of the day, and the worst part about it is that you can be literally anywhere to send or receive a message. In light of this global problem, Louisa Burgess wrote an article describing the horrible effects that cell phones have on society. She says, â€Å"its so impersonal. Unfortunately, some people carry it to such an extreme that it takes the place of other contact such as the phone or in- person conversation. I personally know people who have even broken up over text messages. The problem seems to be that you cant see the face of the person who is text messaging you nor can you hear the to ne in their voice. (Burgess) This reiterates the fact that people today actually prefer sending messages to people instead of talking to them in real life. Looking back to the past, before modern technology, all conversations and human interaction was all personal and face to face. Times have changed dramatically to the point where seniors in society have taken notice of the impersonal relationships that people have today with their peers compared to how personal their relationships with each of their friends and family were. She continues with, â€Å"Text messaging isnt any more polite in my opinion. The point is, it still requires a lack of attention to what is going on around you, specifically in this case the conversation you are having with your date, your boss, your spouse or child. There is no excuse for rude social behavior. Text messaging has become so rampant that it has become another negative thing to do while in a social or business situation. † (Burgess) This point is the most important knock on cell phone use today. In a world where everything is moving so fast people feel the need to always be in touch with everyone that they are friends with all the time. So much so that when they are with their friends or family in person, the cell phone conversation they are having with people they are away from takes over the current conversation and they ignore the people around them. This of course means that people have become so engrossed in their phones that they cannot be left without them. If some body’s cell phone is broke for a period of time, the lack of cell phone could drive a person crazy today. It bothers them enough, that they feel the need to tell everyone about their lack of a cell phone. It is at this point that somebody should make them aware that their cell phone and their status to the mobile world is more important than what is happening in front of their face. Looking at the problem overall, it seems like it wil l never be fixed. The fad that started out with cell phones the size of your left arm and service that allowed you to make calls almost nowhere, has evolved to pocket sized gadgets with customizable ringtones, text messaging, and internet access. It is no longer a fad, but a worldwide addiction that cannot be fueled enough. New technology will constantly come out at high prices and the world will pay the money to feed a socially unsocial addiction. It seems the people who feel the negative impacts of cell phones more than the positive ones are the same people who are going to have to either conform, or withdraw from society because at this point, there will never be a vaccine to counteract the new technology that catches every persons eye. In a time where cell phones are the one of the most important things in every bodies lives, it seems the question to ask when you meet a friend on the street is not, â€Å"Hi, How are you? but, â€Å"Who are you texting and what did he/she sa y? † Works Cited Burgess, Louisa. The Negative Effects of Text Messaging. Associated Content Associatedcontent. com. 24 May 2008. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. . Crippen, John. Press Release The Negative Effect Of Too Much Technology On Kids And Teens Author John Crippen Offers A Solution. Press Release Service and Distribution 24-7PressRelease. com. 1 Apr. 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. . Reimer, Jeremy. New Study Finds Cell Phones Disrupt Family Life. Ars Technica. Conde Nast Digital, 5 Jan. 2006. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Negative Effects Of Cell Phone Of Society" essay for you Create order

Introduction. Currently The Legal Age To Consume Alcoholic

Introduction Currently the legal age to consume alcoholic beverages in the United States is 21 years old. Alcohol is the cause of 88,000 deaths per year in the United States (CDC, 2014). The following numbers include: drunk driving, homicides with alcohol involved, and alcohol poisoning. This is a high average for the current minimum legal drinking age, and the number of deaths continues to increase each year. Alcohol fatalities are considered a preventative death in the United States, which means fatalities that include alcohol can be avoided, by simply being responsible. There are so many things in place to prevent alcohol fatalities such as: drunk driving laws, mass media campaigns, sobriety checkpoints, alcohol screenings, brief†¦show more content†¦According to Reams, A. A. (2016): Amethyst Initiative, the group, consisting currently of 136 signatories ranging from presidents of small private institutions, such as Wartburg College and Coe College, to the president of Johns Hopkins University, began in 2008. The Amethyst Initiative argues that the national minimum legal drinking age is not working, as it increases risks for young people experiencing consequences of alcohol use, and infringes upon adult rights by taking away the ability to have a drink, while federal law still requires or allows 18 to 20 year olds to go to war, serve on juries, and vote. (pg. 5) The goal of the Amethyst Initiative is to develop ways for younger alcohol consumers to drink responsibly. They state that current legislation needs to incorporate education and focus on the value of moderation instead of intolerance. Many may think that lowering the drinking age is an issue that wouldn’t be supported but Choose Responsibility, a nonprofit organization has dedicated its work to advocating for the rights of young people to make their own informed decisions. Alcohol is a social norm in this country and can’t be taken away from a certain age group when it is publicized and advertised everywhere we look. According to Jones, S. N., Lachman, V. D. (2011): Choose Responsibility provided the following reasons (in part) to lower MLD 21 to age 18: Should the legal drinkingShow MoreRelatedAlcohol: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age1900 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age Karita Lockwood Professor O’Quinn COM 323 October 29, 2012 Introduction Alcohol is a drink that is made from corn, barley or a beverage containing ethyl. There is currently an ongoing debate as to if the legal age limit for alcohol consumption should be lowered. Despite the dangers, everyday in the United States more than 13,000 children and teens consume alcohol. The age range between eleven and eighteen is the most influential period when youthsRead MoreEssay on kingfisher2530 Words   |  11 Pageswords=2430 Report on macro-environmental analysis of Kingfisher beer Contents Page No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 BACKGROUND 1 3 SWOT ANALYSIS Read MoreThe Argument For Lowering The Drinking Age Essay2153 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Alcohol has been a large part of society for many years. Currently out of the 190 countries in the world, 61% of them have drinking ages of 18 or 19. While 12 other countries have their drinking ages set at 21. In those 12 countries is the United States, who after 1984 raised their national minimum drinking age when Congress passed the Minimum Drinking Age Act. The drinking age in recent years has became a topic of controversy with people arguing that it showed be lowered backRead MoreA Short Note On Business Affairs And Hospitality Industry1645 Words   |  7 Pages5 million guest rooms offered in the world, companies must adhere to laws. However, with many sectors to manage, the top legal issues that arise in the hotel industry involve wage discrimination, liquor liability, and hotel management termination agreements. Legal Issue #1: Wage Discrimination The hospitality industry is one of America’s largest employers where it â€Å"currently supports 15.05 million employees – the highest level since 2009† (Mergent, 10). With such a high employment rate, companiesRead MoreLowering the Drinking Age Would Reduce Tragedies and Secrets Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Gordy Bailey, was an 18 year old freshman at the University of Colorado at Boulder, after being at the university for only one month he joined a fraternity and had to undergo initiation where he had to drink 10 gallons on alcohol in 30 minutes. After going through this Bailey was incapacitated and was left alone to die on a sofa at the Frat house because nobody called for help. The members of the Fraternity ceased to call for helpRead MoreLegal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered2099 Words   |  9 Pages friends, and the feeling of being invincible. Although there are a legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age in various countries, it is easily accessible to those who are underage. Alcohol is a monitored and controlled substance that can be purchased legally, yet there are many concerns that surround the substance. There are pros, cons, and different patterns regarding alcohol and the legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age. As a result of alcohol use, there ha ve been many fatalities and injuriesRead MoreAlcohol Summary2180 Words   |  9 Pagesshift toward increased alcoholic advertisements in an effort to increase market share and raise profits. This shift brings into light the challenge alcoholic companies face in balancing their fiduciary duties to their shareholders and their corporate and social responsibility to society. This report focuses on the issues surrounding Anheuser Busch’s Spykes beverage and the corporate and social issues similarly faced by other alcoholic beverage companies. Introduction There is growing publicRead More Case Study on Alcoholism Essay4147 Words   |  17 Pages Introduction: The ingestion of alcoholic beverages for their enjoyable effects is a custom which has been around for thousands of years, and alcohol continues to be a popular drug because of its short-term effects (Coleman, Butcher Carson, 1984). An enormous amount of damage can be attributed directly to alcohol abuse as a result of lost jobs, accidents caused by drunk drivers, and so forth (Maltzman, 2000). Alcohol also compounds other problems--an estimated 25% to 40% of hospital patientsRead MoreAnti-Energy Drink2636 Words   |  11 Pagesto meet target customers’ needs or wants (Kotler amp; Keller, 2009 p. 318). Table of contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Literature Review 5 Methods 9 Research Questions 9 Discussion 11 References 13 Introduction Drankâ„ ¢, a lightly carbonated grape flavored beverage is a unique addition to the New Age beverage category designed to have an extreme calming effect to relax the mind, body and soul. Drankâ„ ¢ combines the natural calmingRead MoreEnergy drinks mixed with alcohol: the interactive effects on risk-taking behavior, alcohol priming and related negative consequences4173 Words   |  17 Pagesneeded to explore the relationship between, risk taking propensity, gender, alcohol consumption and its related consequences to further validate these findings. Keywords: alcohol, energy drink, risk-taking, negative consequences, Introduction High risk drinking behaviours among youth and young adult populations are a global concern (de Haan, de Haan, der Palen, Oliver and Verster, 2012). Of particular concern are the trends or practices reported to increase the consumption of alcohol

Illuminati Essay Free Essays

On the first experiment, they use a pepper-like substance called Potassium Permanganate (KMn04) which is an oxidant and an oil-like substance called Brake Fluid which is a fuel. When they combined these two substances in a stainless container, this results on having a little fire on the container. And they said it is because of the Chemical Reaction made by the two substances and the mixture should release energy in the form of heat that’s why this results on combustion. We will write a custom essay sample on Illuminati Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now At first, I thought that the Brake Fluid they used is just a simple Cooking Oil and the Potassium Permanganate is just a pepper. But those â€Å"simple† substances I thought made an amazing experiment which makes me understand how heat was released by a Chemical Reaction. On the second experiment, the special substance they use is Dry Ice – which is a Frozen Carbon Dioxide – together with a balloon, funnel, mortar and pestle (to crush the Dry Ice) and a bottle with water. They crushed the Dry Ice first into small pieces then they put in the funnel which is connected to the balloon, and after this they put the balloon with Dry Ice onto the bottle with water. They let the Dry Ice be poured into the water which results in Sublimation and the gas this made was used to inflate the balloon. This gas is called Carbon Dioxide. I already knew that a Dry Ice is a Frozen Gas, but I didn’t know that this gas is a Carbon Dioxide which is commonly used to inflate a balloon. Before the experiment started, I knew that the combination of Dry Ice and water has something to do to inflate the balloon because I’ve done this before with my siblings. On the third experiment, they used a wick, an aluminum tray, one spoon of salt peter (salitre), one spoon of sugar and lighter. First they combined the salt peter and sugar into the tray then they insert the wick. After that they light it using the lighter and this result on having a smoke-effect because of Oxidation. I have learned so many things on this experiment, first is that when the salt peter and sugar were heated, the electrons of the sugar were transferred to the salt peter. And that the molecules released with oxygen will be a smoke which we can be seen. On the last experiment, Faye Young, a Prosthetics Artist made fake blood using water, corn syrup, liquid soap and food color, these liquids are Miscible – refers to two/more substances that can be dissolve into one another without separating. And she also did a fake finger using Clay which is a Malleable object, and she painted it with make-up foundation. I am amazed on how simple objects like Clay, Food Color, Liquid Soap, Corn Syrup and Water can be an effective additive on creating illusions or imitations of some parts of a human body (like fingers and blood). How to cite Illuminati Essay, Essays

A Critique On The Gambia Tourism †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe about Policy Framework of Tourism in the Gambia? Answer: Introduction The Gambia is considered to be a small country with an approximate land area of 11,295 square kilometers and is located on the western coast of Africa. The population density of Gambia has been around 176.1 per square kilometers according to the Census 2013. The economy of the Gambia is uplifted by farming, fishing and tourism. Agriculture and farming practices are traditionally subsistence in nature and its reliance is more on the production of groundnuts. The Gambia tried to diversify with cotton, vegetables, and livestock but recently tourism has developed in the country with well equipped sector of tourism infrastructure. The estimated GDP for 2013 is $903.5 million and the countries ranks 172nd on the HDI ranking list. The dynamic sector in the economy is Tourism which is subject to instantaneous growth and generation of employment opportunities. The government of Gambia allocates budgetary resources to this sector and also encourages private investment by attracting private hot els and restaurants so that their resources can be used to improve the quality of the services as well as the usage of the tourism development area would be fully utilized. (Fund, 2009) Policy Framework Of Tourism In The Gambia The government of Gambia has centered tourism development as the priority sector and aims to achieve the objective of rendering world class tourist destination and a business hub. The Gambias tourism board is in charge of the tourism sector in Gambia and has the power to formulate, initiate and execute policies. The strategic framework of the governments national Tourism Master Plan in the view of long term development has the objective of enhancing and attracting international tourism from new as well as existing markets, formulating new tourism products and marketing strategies. The main of the tourism board of the Gambia is rendering world class service of high quality to the tourists and catering to the needs of all kinds of visitors. (Euromonitor.com, 2015) Tourism And The Economy Of The Gambia The total contribution to GDP in 2013 by the tourism Travel sector was 8106.1mn (21.8% of GDP) and is forecasted to increase by 3.9% p.a. to 12250.9 by 2024 (17.9% of GDP). (Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2014 Gambia, 2014) This reflects the economic activity caused by the industries such as hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services. The total contribution of travel and tourism department towards employment was 125500 jobs in 2013 (around 18.7% of total employment). It is forecasted to support 144000 jobs which is 15.4% of total employment by 2024. We can infer from the chart that in the year 2014, the number of jobs in the Gambia has declined but thereafter by 2024 the jobs will rise. Gambia was successfully attracted capital investment about 1112.9mn in 2013 and further by 2024 there will be a forecasted rise in capital investment by 11.5% p.a. which is 2646.4mn in 2024. It is also expected that travel and tourism department of Gambia would increase its contribution of total national investment from 11.5% in 2014 to 14.9% in 2024. The number of arrivals in the Gambia in terms of international tourism is depicted below: From the chart we can conclude that for the years 2010 and 2011 the number of visitors had declined but by 2012 international tourism in the Gambia took pace and increased the number of visitors. The international tourism in the Gambia attracts a lot of receipts in terms of export earnings. The percentage of total earnings is depicted by consistent levels over the years. The government of the Gambia attracts a lot of investors by offering them with unique and improved opportunities of investment which are financially and economically sound and stable. With the help of The Gambia Investment Export Promotion Agency (GIEPA), the government of the Gambia has successfully established trade and investment environment that caters to the need of the investors, the country vision 2020. The infrastructural facilities in the Gambia have improved by installing better connectivity in terms of railways, roads and airports. (All data source: Data.worldbank.org, 2015) Tourism planning policy: The policy of the government on the tourism in the Gambia is to promote tourism and identify its contribution to the countrys economic growth. The objective is to increase the involvement and contribution of tourism to the economy and thereby raise the living standards of the citizens of the Gambia. The Responsible Tourism Policy(Accessgambia.com, 2015) had been prepared by the Responsible Tourism partnership in order to combat the negative impacts. With combined effort of the Gambian government and the environmental agencies the planning policy: Ensure recognition of the natural environment as a vital resource for the livelihoods of communities and also consider it to be the major tourism asset. Identify the areas which have not seen the light of development. Identify disputes regarding land ownership and resource use and take a step to mitigate them. The Gambian government takes tourism seriously and ensures that it has minimal impact on the environment. The Tourism Board of Gambia and its policies will: (Euromonitor.com, 2015) Encourage the usage of environmental assessment tools to reduce and prevent the adverse effect on environment. Create awareness among the stakeholders of adopting sustainability and ensure the waste management go through the process of reduce, recycle and reuse. Provide proper education regarding natural environment and tourism. Establish a code of conduct and a code of practice for environment. Discover ways of using legislation, incentives, tax concessions and technical assistance so that the tourism in the Gambia has least negative environmental impact. Encourage enterprises to invest their profit percentage or turnover to maintain natural diversity by species conservation and habitat restoration and management, also to restore heritage attractions. Increase the tourist arrivals. Increase revenue from tourism Establish linkages between tourism and other sector like horticulture, fisheries and agriculture. Case Study: (Williams and Williams Associates, 2004) The Gambia is a popular winter sun destination but the citizens are not benefitting from the tourism. The government of the Gambia initiated the marketing of the Gambia to packaged tour operators with the view of attracting more foreign exchange earnings and increase in the foreign direct investment. But the main proportion of the revenues earned remained in the countries of origin which left debt and poverty for the country. The situation got worse when the British Foreign Office directed the British citizens not to travel or visit the Gambia after the violent coup attempt in the year 1994. The management personnel of many hotels brought this situation to limelight internationally by forming the Gambian Tourism Concern (GTC). The work of the GTC was to develop linkages with a Gambian organization and Britain and encourage them to promote fair trade in tourism and eradicate poverty. A workshop with the British High Commission concluded that small organizations required to operate and work together in order to improve their capacity if earning. This led to the formation of the Association of Small Scale Enterprise in Tourism (ASSET) which developed further linkages between the small scale enterprises and mainstream tourism in order to multiply the effects. Apart from this the UK Department for International Development took initiatives by providing fund through Tourism Challenge Fund (TCF) and organized a 20 month project to boost the linkage between the informal and the formal sector in the Gambia. It also aimed as recognizing the barriers that were required to overcome to raise the revenues and ensure the success of the informal sector. (Statehouse.gm, 2015) The objective of the industry was to develop a collaborative work environment where partnerships between the government, the private sector and the informal sector would flourish. There are several stances of increased earnings by the fruit sellers, juice pressers, licensed guides and craft markets. For instance, the fruit sellers do not hover around the beach with their fruit basket and pester the tourists. The fruit sellers had developed connections with each other, tourists and the hotel owners through a code of conduct. The fruit sellers now work collectively in the form of a society and also contribute a small amount to a communal fund. This fund along with the funding from the TCF enabled 26 women to acquire stall with a image of high quality for the purpose of selling their fruits. The Code of Conduct applies to all the players of the tourism field. Suppose that the licensed guides violate this code of conduct then as they can be suspended or uniforms be taken away or licenses may be canceled as a consequence. (Propoortourism.info, 2015) Policies and strategies: National Tourism Strategy and Planning- The Gambia Tourism Authority (GTA) developed this National Tourism Strategy and Planning to encourage the private sector to come forward and develop products of tourism. But with the large debts over the four decades and the high interest rate and the lending rates were discouraging the private investors to invest. The strategy taken by the GTA was pro-poor and responsible tourism centered. The poverty strategies include: Determining classifications standards for hotels. Increasing revenues to develop infrastructure and environmental development. Expanding offices in marketing places Establishing connection with the tour operators, airlines and other organizations outside the country. The GTA had developed organization wide policies and procedures which is committed to develop training programmes to enhance skill, delivering incentive schemes to encourage quality performance and innovative ideas to enhance behavior and executing systems to observe and control the performance of the industry. (Mitchell and Faal, 2007) To attract foreign investors to promote tourism the government of Gambia exempted international investors from customs duties imposed on approved capital equipment, machines, appliances, fixtures and fittings, custom duties imposed on approved amounts of semi finished goods, raw materials and other supplies for the production process, withhold tax on dividends, sales tax, turnover tax etc. To encourage the tourism traffic during May to October (low season of tourism), the government of the Gambia offers the tour operator, airlines, hotels, and ground operators 25% discounts on aircraft handling charges and aircraft landing and parking fees for all charter flights of the tourists and 50% discount on sales tax for hotels and ground operators. The goals of the policy is to increase the employment opportunities and developing competitiveness and help the government to provide proper condition for development actions and to coordinate between the government and private tourism entrepreneurs overseas. (Npc.gov.gm, 2015) Evaluation of the policies and strategies: The main aim of the policies and strategies was to promote tourism in the Gambia. But certain aspects that are overlooked may make these policies less effective. (Dabour, 2003) When on one hand there is a classification standard for hotels, on the other hand the hotels are concentrated away from the coastal enclave. The government has exercised development control, land ownership and marketing powers but there poor use resulted in a constraint to diversification of the hotels. The policy also stated improving infrastructure but the potential source of the fund for infrastructure had eroded because fees paid by the developers for the land of tourism had not raised the creation of the Tourism Development Area. To attract tourists during the low season the government had offered incentive schemes to the hotels and the tourist but the policy can be implemented correctly if better marketing strategies are adopted and the diversify the tourism product. Apart from this improvement in the Human Resource development needs an urgent policy which will led to the formation of some hotel and hospitality management schools. This will enhance the training skill and provid e education to tourism entrepreneurs. (Bah, 2003) Issues: The Gambia had a record of child trafficking cases for sexual purpose as well as female sex tourism is high in this area. The government had adopted too policies address violence against children by updating the National Plan of Action on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation (CSEC), established children helpline, established Community Child Protection Committee and many other initiatives. (Vaidya and Nigam, n.d.) Recently, the disease Ebola(Topping, 2014) took a toll on the tourism of the Gambia which accounts for a decrease in the revenues accrued from this sector. The local Gambian hotel owner were worried on the fact that hotel were just 47% full as against 67% in the previous year. The government had taken possible effective measure by Ebola screening, social media campaigns and 24- hour toll free helpline. And finally Gambia was declared Ebola free by the WHO. (Bah, 2015) Recommendations The focus of the developmental strategies of the tourism in the Gambia must be on sustainable development and management of tourism, provide tourism oriented education and programmes that covers different aspect of tourism, improving infrastructure related to tourism like better quality and efficiency of hotels, amenities it provides, roads, transportation and communications, strengthen the public-private cooperation, attract international investors, diversify the product of tourism, enhance the banking and financial services and many other. This means that there is a tremendous scope for improvement of the tourism in the Gambia. Conclusion The tourism policy in the Gambia is capacious but diverges from its originality when it comes to the implementation of these policies. But there are several barriers to the success of the tourism in the Gambia which have been discussed in the report. The case study discussed reveals that the policy taken by the government of the Gambia is effective in some cases but the aspect that tourism needs to focus is on the marketing skills, infrastructural development and the sufficient investment in the tourism. The Gambia has the potential to enhance Heritage tourism which will contribute to the economy of the Gambia. To attract enormous amounts of tourist effective tourism marketing plans must be implemented. (Sharpley, 2009) References Accessgambia.com, (2015).Gambia Responsible Tourism Policy. [online] Available at: https://www.accessgambia.com/information/responsible-travel-policy.html [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Bah, A. (2003).Problems benefits of tourism in the Gambia. [Gambia?]: Kerr Munyagen Consultancy. Bah, A. (2015).Challenges of Tourism for Local Communities The Gambian Experience. 1st ed. [ebook] Gambia Tourism Concern. Available at: https://www.iz3w.org/fernweh/deutsch/aktivitaeten/Bah.pdf [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Dabour, N. (2003).Probelms and Prospects of Sustainable tourism development in OIC countries: Ecotourism. 1st ed. [ebook] Journal of Economic Cooperation. Available at: https://www.sesrtcic.org/files/article/127.pdf [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Data.worldbank.org, (2015).Gambia, The | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/gambia [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Euromonitor.com, (2015).Travel and Tourism in Gambia. [online] Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/travel-and-tourism-in-gambia/report [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Fund, I. (2009).The Gambia. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Mitchell, J. and Faal, J. (2007). Holiday package tourism and the poor in the Gambia.Development Southern Africa, 24(3), pp.445-464. Npc.gov.gm, (2015).Tourism | National Planning Commission Website The Gambia. [online] Available at: https://npc.gov.gm/sectors/tourism [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Propoortourism.info, (2015).Pro Poor Tourism - Tourism increasing benefits for poor people. [online] Available at: https://www.propoortourism.info/CaseStudies.html [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Sharpley, R. (2009). Tourism and development challenges in the least developed countries: the case of The Gambia.Current Issues in Tourism, 12(4), pp.337-358. Statehouse.gm, (2015).Tourism in the Gambia. [online] Available at: https://www.statehouse.gm/tourism1.htm [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Topping, A. (2014). Ebola takes toll on the Gambia from beyond its borders.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/17/ebola-gambia-africa-tourism [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2014 Gambia. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] The World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC). Available at: https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/country%20reports/gambia2014.pdf [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. Vaidya, N. and Nigam, N. (n.d.). Sex Trafficking as a Human Rights Issue.SSRN Journal. Williams, M. and Williams Associates, H. (2004).Best Practice Case Studies In Tourism. 1st ed.

Bix vs. Louis free essay sample

Big Bedecked was one of the most popular Jazz musicians of the sasss. He was born Leon Big Bedecked on March 10, 1903 in Davenport, Iowa. His father was a coal and lumber merchant and his mother a church organist. Although he did take lessons for a short time, his teacher grew frustrated with him and his improvisations and refusal to read the music. He learned to play by ear. He was the first great white Jazz cornets. He was inspired by records of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and by hearing bands on the Mississippi riverboats.His love for music caused him to be sent way to military school in 1921 because his father thought that music was not a real lob that would earn him respect and money. The school was close to Chicago which at the time was the center of Jazz music. He was kicked out of military school because he often missed curfew due to him being out listening to bands. We will write a custom essay sample on Bix vs. Louis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He Joined his first Jazz band the Wolverines In 1923. Over the years he played with many different Jazz and dance bands. He died from Pneumonia complicated by his alcoholism In 1931. In both pieces, Louis Armstrong and BIG Bedecked and their instruments are what stand out in the songs. The tempo of the pieces are different with Im Coming to Virginia being the slower tempo of the two. Louis Armstrong normally has a real bright sound. In The Potato Head Blues the best way to describe his timbre here is something more street. Its not as refined. You can tell Louis hasnt had any formal training and is Just raw talent. The bright colors that became his trademark come through vibrantly, but this is a blues chart, after all. Also, Louis starts all his solos with the same few notes and he has a vibrato all his win. In Im Coming to Virginia Big Bedecked has a timbre that is more classical, to an extent; precise phrasing, exact pitch, etc. Louis solo is more in your face, full of excitement, but Big is laid back, dare I say subdued. Chord progression-wise, Big sounds a bit more complex. Both big and Louis solos are extremely complex rhythmically, but they make them sound effortless. As a soloist, Louis Armstrong stands out more, partially because of the instrumentation of his ensemble and partly because of his abilities.Big, in terms of ensemble, is nothing special. He plays his piece and fades back into obscurity. Louis ensembles were called the hot five and hot seven, so I would say he would epitomize hot. Big would be cool because he isnt as in your face with the sound as Louis Armstrong is. Big vs.. Louis By knickknack job that would earn him respect and money. The school was close to Chicago which his first Jazz band the Wolverines in 1923. Over the years he played with many alcoholism in 1931. In both pieces, Louis Armstrong and Big Bedecked and their isnt as in your face with the sound as Louis Armstrong is.

Currency Exchange Rates, Management, and Speculation

Currency Exchange Rates, Management, and Speculation Read about the ways government and investors can manage and speculate on the value of their currencies. Currency exchange rates have become a global issue in the past year, particularly for developing economies which are generally performing better than the economies of the US, Europe, and Japan – the three sources of the â€Å"reference currencies† that essentially determine the value of the rest of the world’s money. This article is a short primer on the basics of currency exchange. It explains the ways in which governments and private investors can manage and speculate on the value of their currencies. Fixed vs. Floating Exchange Rates The value of the currency is always relative to something else, whether some commodity (gold has historically served as a reference) or other currencies. A fixed exchange rate also called a peg is a value that is determined by a government’s central bank, which must engage in the market trade of its currency for the reference currency in order to maintain the peg value. The main requirement for a fixed exchange rate scheme is that the central bank holds a large reserve of the reference currency. In a scheme in which the currency is pegged to a single reference currency, maintaining the peg is relatively straightforward. The value of the local currency is a simple function of the amount of the reference currency in the financial system, and changes in the currency value are reflected as price inflation or deflation; in order to exercise control over the local currency, the central bank sells the reference currency to move the value of the local currency higher, or purchases the reference currency to reduce the value of the local currency. Read more:  Money Makes the World Go Around A single currency peg is impractical  because the value of the reference currency always fluctuates. Let’s say that an example country – we’ll call it Examplestan – sets the value of its currency, the clam, at 5 clams to one US dollar. If a merchant in Examplestan imports $20 worth of goods from the US, he pays 100 clams. At the same time, he imports $20 worth of goods from Europe, whose euro is equal to $1.20; therefore, he only receives $16.67 worth of goods for his 100 clams. That means to earn back his 100 clams from selling the goods, he has to inflate the price by 16.65%, because the goods he bought from Europe are only worth 83.35 clams. The relative value of the clam is also affected by price inflation or deflation in the US; the actual amount of goods received for the equivalent of $20 will differ as inflation increases or decreases, which causes inflation or deflation of the clam as a follow-on effect. The opposite end of the spectrum from a fixed exchange rate is a floating exchange rate, in which market forces determine the value of the currency. The currency in a floating exchange rate system is treated as a commodity, and its value is determined by supply and demand.   There is no country that uses a fully floating exchange rate scheme, but some of the effects of what it can do to a local currency can be seen in emerging markets where large inflows of foreign investment money have driven the value of the local currency higher. The Philippines, which currently has the best-performing stocks in the world, is a good example. The high inflow of foreign money into the local stock market represents high demand for the Philippine peso – the investors are trading their dollars, euros, yen, and other currencies for equity, valued in pesos, in Philippine companies. Thus the value of the peso is growing, meaning that fewer pesos can be exchanged for one unit of a foreign currency. This is good for the economy in one respect because it makes imports cheaper, but it increases the cost of exports and tends to dampen demand for local labor and goods. Dirty Floats and Currency Hedges In order to find a â€Å"happy medium† between imposing strict control over the currency value and allowing it to seek an efficient value through market effects, most governments practice what is called a managed float, sometimes also referred to as a â€Å"dirty float†. Instead of setting a fixed exchange rate for its currency, the central bank will set a target range. Rather than fix the currency at 5 clams = $1, the central bank of Examplestan might instead choose to let the value of the clam fluctuate, so long as it does not fall outside a range of 4.50 to 5.50 clams per dollar. There is a number of advantages to maintaining a dirty float. Allowing the currency to fluctuate within a controllable range reduces the number of foreign reserves the central bank must hold, which frees up financial resources and permits the central bank to speculate on the future value of the currency to a degree by issuing bonds denominated in either the local or foreign currencies. This is a form of hedging, because the bonds lock in a future value, in the sense that the amount of a bond issue represents a known release of either the local or foreign currency in the future when the bonds reach their maturity. This is similar to the forms of hedging and speculation that private investors can engage in by treating currency as a commodity, including options contracts, forward contracts, currency swaps, and futures contracts. In the private sector, currency hedging and speculation are particularly useful for companies whose trade involves a large amount of foreign currency. For example, the trader in Examplestan may wish to purchase an option to swap a certain number of clams for US dollars at a fixed rate lower than the present exchange rate, say 5.10 clams to the dollar, if he suspects that when he completes a future purchase of US imports, the rate will be even lower than that. If when the time comes, the actual exchange rate is 5.12 clams to the dollar, he exercises the option and lowers his purchase cost by 0.1% not a lot, but for companies whose transactions are in the millions of dollars (or clams), the difference can be very significant. Naturally, foreign currency exchange rates is far more complex theme than what is described in this brief article, but to help understand its intricacies, just remember the basic point that the value of a currency is determined by its amount in a financial system compared to other currencies in the system, and that managing the values of those is really only a matter of managing quantities.

Scanning the Environment DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scanning the Environment DB - Essay Example However, people may typically not want to compromise too much on cost for food items. These socio-economic trends in population has resulted in Aldi's strategy for high quality and low cost food products. The amount of television and internet advertisements for their respective products from Amazon and Aldi's will be a part of the marketing strategy of these companies. The target customer segments, their demographics and behavioral trends will determine the mode and volume of television and internet advertisements. It can be observed that the people having obesity problems tend to live a sedentary lifestyle with more number of hours in front of televisions or computers. No such observation can be made for target customers for high quality foods. Hence, in case of Amazon the amount of television and internet advertisements will be more as compared to Aldi's. While both, Amazon and Aldi's may have their advantages and disadvantages, considering their strategies, Amazon seems to be better positioned than Aldi's. The main reason for this being focused on a particular target customer segment i.e.

Performance and Reward Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and Reward Management - Essay Example A good performance strategy entails a good competitive strategy, organizational structure, corporate structure and good human resources processes that include a reward management (Shields 2007). Reward strategy and management Reward strategy means achieving a balance between the human resource strategies, the environment that the organization operates in including the culture, technology and the external environment. It sets out to establish the purpose and intent of the organization on how its policies and processes on rewards meet the objectives of the business (Molander, et al 1994). Companies are increasingly trying to involve employees in the decision making processes and training them so as to attract and maintain them. Reward management involves managing all those rewards that are given to employees due to their contribution towards the growth and development of a company. It also involves identifying the strategies, systems, processes and policies that enable an organization to achieve its objectives by rewarding and attracting people they require by way of motivating them. It aims at meeting the individual, organizations and team performance as per the objectives set out. According to Williams and MacDerine, proper management of the rewards system usually leads to an enhanced employee behavior and well being, a well balanced relationship between life and work and eventually it increases the motivation and performance of the employees (Cornelius, 2001). A good reward system must be able to prioritize reward plans that are in line with the human resource and business strategies. A good reward strategy has four main guiding principles which include equity, constitency, transparency and fairness. The strategy must be fair... Reward strategy means achieving a balance between the human resource strategies, the environment that the organization operates in including the culture, technology and the external environment. It sets out to establish the purpose and intent of the organization on how its policies and processes on rewards meet the objectives of the business (Molander, et al 1994).Companies are increasingly trying to involve employees in the decision making processes and training them so as to attract and maintain them. Reward management involves managing all those rewards that are given to employees due to their contribution towards the growth and development of a company. It also involves identifying the strategies, systems, processes and policies that enable an organization to achieve its objectives by rewarding and attracting people they require by way of motivating them.   It aims at meeting the individual, organizations and team performance as per the objectives set out. According to Williams and MacDerine, proper management of the rewards system usually leads to an enhanced employee behavior and well being, a well balanced relationship between life and work and eventually it increases the motivation and performance of the employees (Cornelius, 2001).  A good reward system must be able to prioritize reward plans that are in line with the human resource and business strategies. People will always feel treated fairly according to how they are paid and depending on the value of their work to the company.

Facts of Palese v. Delaware State Lottery Office Essay

Facts of Palese v. Delaware State Lottery Office - Essay Example Palese contacted the Lottery Office in writing, describing his predicament and was directed to wait for one year so that his claim could be reviewed. 11 months later, Palese read in the dailies that the Lottery Office had transferred his unclaimed lottery jackpot to the State’s General Fund. Palese contacted the Lottery Office again and was told to explain how he had purchased the lottery and lost the tickets, much to Palese’s compliance. Even after hearing that Palese still had the play slip, the Lottery Office held that he was to be denied his claim since he could not produce his actual winning ticket. Palese took the matter to the court for litigation while the Lottery Office equally rushed to dismiss Palese’s claim on the account that Palese could not sufficiently state his claim for which the relief was to be granted. In the case Palese v. Delaware State Lottery Office, 1546-N, as the plaintiff, Palese accuses the Lottery Office of unjust enrichment since it had taken his rightfully owned prize to the State’s General Fund. In this light, he wants the prize he had won to be accorded him. Whether or not the rules of the Lottery Act such as Lottery Regulation 18 and 19 should be amended to allow the Lottery Act to capture unforeseeable circumstances such as inadvertent destruction or loss of the winning ticket. The Court of Chancery of Delaware heard from both the plaintiff and the respondent and referred to the directives in the Lottery Act, the Lottery Regulation 18 and 19 to arrive at its verdict.

Architectural Designing Firm Business Plan Marketing Essay

Architectural Designing Firm Business Plan Marketing Essay Contemporary Island Designers Associates (C.I.D.) will be an Architectural Designing as well as Cost Estimating, Building Construction, Project Management and Consultations business specializing in residential and small commercial structures in the Jamaican domestic and commercial market, temporarily based out of my home in the Kingston 10 Area of Jamaica. The business will provide consultation and Draughting services using technologically superior processes, providing greater value for clients and enhanced  design and construction. The target clients are segmented into three categories; potential and existing home owners and developers initially. Contemporary Island Designers competitive edge will be the knowledge of digital-based design resources, creativity and results orientated. Superior customer service will also be  a point of firm differentiation. First year profits are expected to reach $xxxxx and increase to $xxxxx by the third year of operation. We will be profitable within three years of starting. The most significant challenges ahead include: (a). securing a suitable location (b) establishing the initial client base and (c)  positioning the business to be able to have a presence in a larger market. This business plan outlines the objective, focus, and implementation of this start-up firm. 1.1 Mission Contemporary Island Designers Associates will offer a new type of digital interactive media for both the client and the builder. This media will clearly show the client and the builder exactly what the design will look like in a three dimensional (Animated) perspective and the method(s) of construction. With this new form of media, the client does not have to know anything about Architectural designing graphics or terminology (floor plans, sections, elevations construction documents) to have a clear understanding of what the end result will look like. This is possible through the use of computer-rendered images and interactive video. This media will be taken one step further by using it in the construction documents as well. The builder(s) may be provided with an interactive video rendering of the entire building containing both visual photographic quality images and construction specs. Specific details will be worked out in three dimensions in such a way that anyone who knows how to use a computer will be able to access and understand this new means of Architectural presentation. 1.2 Keys to Success Provide a service that is technologically superior to the competitions. Utilizing the skills and knowledge gained in a competent and efficient manner through a diverse staff of Architectural Technologist/Draughtsman to provide a wide variety of product styles. A large array of connections and associations with reputable professionals and business executives. Objectives To establish and keep satisfied a vast client base. To provide quality workmanship to satisfy costumer(s) needs and to sustain the reputation of designing and construction in the Jamaican industry. Sales of at least $540,000 in  Year 3  and $725,000 by Year 4. Market expansion of 20% per year via the  Internet and other mediums. Creating new niche in market by  Year 4  of three dimensional construction documents and interactive digital presentation to clients. Company Summary Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide a service of Architectural designs via digital media to the limits of technology. This approach will  offer optimal efficiency to the firm and superior value, design processes, and construction methods to the client. 2.1Businnes Ownership Contemporary Island Designers will be created as a Kingston operation based initially in the Molynes Road area. It will be  owned by its principal investor and operator, Mr. Miguel Wood. 2.2 Start-up Summary Contemporary Island Designers start-up costs total $xxxxx. The most significant purchases needed are a plotter, office printer, and desktop and laptop computer. Five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) will be needed in cash to sustain the business for the first  year to cover rent and wages until a profit is made. 2.3 Company Locations and Facilities The  interim office of Contemporary Island Designers Associates will be located at my home at Tamarind Avenue, Kingston until dedicated office space is secured. Services Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide many levels of service such as Architectural Designing and Planning, Cost Estimating, Building Construction, Project Management and Consultations to cater to large and small  corporations and entities, along with making it affordable for middle and upper socioeconomic classes. 3.1 Service Description In order for Contemporary Island Designers Associates to provide this new innovative service of digital media, the company will use high speed computers running programs such as AutoCAD, AutoCAD Architecture Rivet Architecture and 3D Max. To keep up with changes in technology, Contemporary Island Designers will investigate all up and coming software related to digital 3-D design to stay at the forefront of the market.   Again, this is a key strategic component to differentiate the firm and to optimize productivity and efficiency. Market Analysis Summary Contemporary Island Designers Associates will provide its service to home owners who are looking to start new construction, remodel, as well as  developers and contractors and other private parties in the domestic markets. Although we are going to cater to a relatively broad scope of customers, the business will decide what the target market is based on sales and trends experienced in the initial months of operation. 4.1 Market Segmentation Potential clients for Contemporary Island Designers Associates market are broken down into four categories: home owners, developers and contractors. Home owners and potential home owners are the largest group based on shear population and this will be emphasized in  all of the business marketing and promotional efforts. Targeting the remaining  two groups will be dependent upon establishing meaningful relationships, and responding and qualifying for request for proposals. 4.2 Service Business Analysis The Architecture/Designing business across the country is primarily made up of small- to mid-sized firms specializing in a particular architectural/design type. But there are also a few large firms that have almost dominated the design of large commercial and industrial facilities.   Initially, Contemporary Island Designers main competitors will be the small to midsized firms.   Strategy and Implementation Summary In the first year of business, Contemporary Island Designers will focus on the Kingston and St. Andrew and the Portmore area of St. Catharine. As the business grows, sales will expand throughout these areas and across the country, eventually spreading regionally. 5.1 Sales Strategy Sales in this  business is a direct result of exceptional client service. It is based on the firms  image and the referrals that result. The more clients this company pleases, the more referrals are given. We will work to provide a positive experience in all cases so our clients will refer and return to us for future work as well. 5.1.1 Sales Forecast Sales are broken down into three categories: Consultations, Design and Supervision of the construction. These three categories put together, may make up one architecture/design project. The totals for each project are based on a 10% cut from the total construction costs of each job. The following table and chart provides an overview  of our  forecast sales.   Actual sales could vary depending on the project size and budget. 5.2 Competitive Edge This business will have a competitive edge over both the larger and smaller firms because it will be composed of the  new generation of Architectural Technologists which are fluent in the digital world. Many firms today employ personnel of which find the computer 3D modeling a mystery, and most of those that do use the computer only have the ability to design in 2-D. Management Summary This business will start with one Architectural Technologists/Designer. In August of 2011, a clerical position will be added. By 2012, Other Architectural Technologists will be hired to compensate the increased work load. 6.1 Personnel Plan The following table summarizes our personnel expenditures for the first three years of operation. Financial Plan Contemporary Island Designers will increase growth and technology with cash flow as it increases through the years. Further money will be set aside to pay for further consulting as needed. 7.1 Important Assumptions The annual assumptions made in the following table are based on a stable economy. We will adjust these assumptions as changes occur in the now tumultuous economy the Bay Area is experiencing. 7.2 Key Financial Indicators The following benchmark chart indicates our key financial indicators for the first three years. 7.3 Break-even Analysis The following chart and table summarize our break-even analysis. Break-even Analysis Monthly Revenue Break-even $80,348 Average Percent Variable Cost 1% Assumptions: Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $80,246 7.4 Projected Profit and Loss Net profit is virtually nonexistent for the first two years of operation, with respectable increases after that time. Our projected profit and loss is shown on the following table, with sales starting at $102,000 for the first year and climbing to $500,000 the third year. Pro Forma Profit and Loss 7.5 Projected Cash Flow Cash flow is vital to the well being of this company because of the duration of payment. The following chart and table below show cash flow projections. 7.6 Projected Balance Sheet The following table shows our projected Balance Sheet and net worth over the next three years. 7.7 Business Ratios Business ratios for the years of this plan are shown below. Industry profile ratios based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 7383, Independent Artists (including Architects), are shown for comparison.

Jazz Age Essay -- Music, Armstrong, Ellington

music alike ( Windfield 240). A lot of musicians were involved, from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington. The Jazz movement affected United States history and the future music industry in a variety of ways. Initially, the first jazz is said to have been played by funeral bands that wailed music full of soul and sadness as the followed horse drawn hearses down the streets of New Orleans. It was blues music though (Winfield 157). Many historians mark the start of the â€Å"Jazz Age† on November 12, 1917- the day the Department of the Navy closed a thirty-eight square-block neighborhood known as storyville in the city of New Orleans. Fearing the health of its sailors, the navy shut the doors of Storyville’s brothels and nightclubs, forcing hundreds of New Orleans musicians to search elsewhere for the livelihoods (Friedwald 157). After storyville was closed down, jazz musicians began moving north to take up permanent residence-several dozen of them landing in the great migratory target of Chicago alone (Shipton 132). From Chicago, jazz quickly migrated to New York City. That is where jazz became popular on the radio (Shipton 137). Jazz grew up in variety of venues as diverse as America itself-in taverns, ballrooms, gambling clubs, and hotels. Musicians at little clubs with their tiny audiences was where their music flourished (Shipton 143). Many Jazz musicians spent the most part of their adult lives in clubs, drank there, ate there, avoided the draft, and met their ends (Shipton 144). In addition to how Jazz started, there were plenty of musicians involved in the movement. One of the most impactful players were Louis Armstrong. Louis hardly had a family at all and raised in New Orleans’ Negro red light district (Friedwald 342). From th... ... like in places such as Britain, Germany, and France. That was helped on having it being radio broadcasted. Jazz introduced other stuff like the birth of Bebop, Free Jazz, and Smooth Jazz (Shipton 850). In conclusion, November 12, 1917 was an important day since it was the start of â€Å"Jazz Age when the Navy closed down a neighborhood named Storyville in New Orleans. Every musician involved helped to shape the music of Jazz. African Americans were able to express their feelings and make some money to play in bands. People in the music industry now use some jazzy kind of music and do not even know (Winfield 427). If was not for the jazz movement we probably would not be able to enjoy the music going on now. Many people call jazz America’s most original art form of music, but the great trumpet player Louis Armstrong would say its form is just unknown. (Szwed 457). Jazz Age Essay -- Music, Armstrong, Ellington music alike ( Windfield 240). A lot of musicians were involved, from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington. The Jazz movement affected United States history and the future music industry in a variety of ways. Initially, the first jazz is said to have been played by funeral bands that wailed music full of soul and sadness as the followed horse drawn hearses down the streets of New Orleans. It was blues music though (Winfield 157). Many historians mark the start of the â€Å"Jazz Age† on November 12, 1917- the day the Department of the Navy closed a thirty-eight square-block neighborhood known as storyville in the city of New Orleans. Fearing the health of its sailors, the navy shut the doors of Storyville’s brothels and nightclubs, forcing hundreds of New Orleans musicians to search elsewhere for the livelihoods (Friedwald 157). After storyville was closed down, jazz musicians began moving north to take up permanent residence-several dozen of them landing in the great migratory target of Chicago alone (Shipton 132). From Chicago, jazz quickly migrated to New York City. That is where jazz became popular on the radio (Shipton 137). Jazz grew up in variety of venues as diverse as America itself-in taverns, ballrooms, gambling clubs, and hotels. Musicians at little clubs with their tiny audiences was where their music flourished (Shipton 143). Many Jazz musicians spent the most part of their adult lives in clubs, drank there, ate there, avoided the draft, and met their ends (Shipton 144). In addition to how Jazz started, there were plenty of musicians involved in the movement. One of the most impactful players were Louis Armstrong. Louis hardly had a family at all and raised in New Orleans’ Negro red light district (Friedwald 342). From th... ... like in places such as Britain, Germany, and France. That was helped on having it being radio broadcasted. Jazz introduced other stuff like the birth of Bebop, Free Jazz, and Smooth Jazz (Shipton 850). In conclusion, November 12, 1917 was an important day since it was the start of â€Å"Jazz Age when the Navy closed down a neighborhood named Storyville in New Orleans. Every musician involved helped to shape the music of Jazz. African Americans were able to express their feelings and make some money to play in bands. People in the music industry now use some jazzy kind of music and do not even know (Winfield 427). If was not for the jazz movement we probably would not be able to enjoy the music going on now. Many people call jazz America’s most original art form of music, but the great trumpet player Louis Armstrong would say its form is just unknown. (Szwed 457).

Methods Section: How Work Affects GPA

To assess the influence of employment on the grade point average of students who are either part time or full time employed, the researcher prepared a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions.   The open ended questions were meant to provide greater insight into the subject.   Responses to such questions that the researcher considered worthy of note were recorded in the Discussions section of the study.   The closed ended questions, on the other hand, provided the researcher with quantitative data.   An analysis of the answers to the closed ended questions utilized descriptive statistics, the most important of which was the mean value of the variable in question (See Questionnaire in the Appendix).The researcher identified fifteen students who were engaged in full time employment, plus fifteen more who were employed part time.   Participants in each of the groups were selected out of the student population based on the researcher’s discretion rather than ra ndom selection.   The selected participants in the study had first of all to sign an â€Å"Informed Consent† form to declare that they understand that they are participating in a research study to understand the influence of employment on the grade point average.Also on the â€Å"Informed Consent† form was a signed statement of the researcher, claiming that the data collected through the questionnaire as well as the results of the research would not identify the participant’s name.   In other words, all information gathered through this research is confidential with respect to the names of the participants in the study (See Informed Consent form in the Appendix).Following the agreement of the students to participate in the study – as indicated on the â€Å"informed consent† forms that each individual subject was required to sign – the participants,  divided into two groups based on the above mentioned criteria, received the questionnai re designed by the researcher.   The verbal instructions given the participants were simply to answer all questions honestly, and to turn in their completed questionnaires by the end of the week during which the questionnaires were handed out.   The participants, upon being handed out the questionnaires, were also asked to feel free to contact the researcher at any time in order to pose any questions that would emerge in the process of the completion of the questionnaire.Once the participants had submitted their questionnaires on time to the researcher, the latter began qualitative and quantitative analysis on the collected data.

The differences between Shia and Sunni Essay Example

The differences between Shia and Sunni Essay Example The differences between Shia and Sunni Paper The differences between Shia and Sunni Paper I. The differences between Shia and Sunni A. History The struggle within Islam arose after Prophet Muhammad died in A.D. 632. When the Prophet died, the followings of Muhammad could nt hold on the issue of who should go the first calif after Muhammad. One group, subsequently know as Shia, insisted that the Prophet had already picked that Ali will be first Imam after him ( Eckman 31 ) . This means the Prophet intended that calif should go on within the Prophet s lineage. So, they admired Ali, who was the Prophet s cousin and hubby of the Prophet s girl, Fatima to be the first 1 ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . While another group, subsequently known as Sunni, claimed that the Prophet had left this issue to them, his followings, to make up ones mind whether who should go the first calif. Sunni selected Abu Bakr, the Prophet s male parent in jurisprudence, to go first Imam. This unresolved issue led to a civil war between Sunni and Shia for many old ages. As a consequence, Abu Bakr won and became the first Imam ( Eckman 31 ) . After Bakr died, there were 2 more Imams, Umar and Uthman, before Sunni decide to choose Ali to go the calif ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . But, Shia did non accept this determination and refused to fall in with Sunni. They continued their belief that the leaders of the Islamic universe should stay within the Prophet s household through Ali and Fatima and that they recognized Ali to be the first Imam ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . After Ali died, Shia believed that there were 11 more Imams after Ali within the Prophet s household. Unexpectedly, the 12th Imams, Al-Mahdi, disappeared after he became a calif for a few yearss. Shia refused to accept that Mahdi had died, but they insisted that he really hid himself and he will return one twenty-four hours to restore a new order and Islamic jurisprudence in the Earth once more ( Eckman 32 ) . B. Theological Belief Although Shia and Sunni are Muslim, and both of them believe in the Quran and the Five Pillars, the nucleus cardinal belief of Islam, they are wholly different from each other in many ways. First, there are differences between clerical and church construction. ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . Shia Islam is seen to similar to Catholic Church in the manner that their construction of their church are both really hierarchal, while Sunni Islam are more resemble to the Protestant Church with trusting more on self-independent ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . Like Pope, Shia Imam is divinely divine and infallible in any judgements. Unlike Shia Imams, this belief does non look among Sunni ( Eckman 34 ) . The belief that Shia Imam is divinely divine came from the Shia Muslim believe Muhammad designated all 12 sucessors by name and that they inherited a particular cognition of the true significance of the Bible that was passed through the Prophet s descendent ( Dallal 27 ) . Second, Shia strongly holds the value an d the importance of the thought of sufferer and agony ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . This thought of sufferer and agony appear and express in many of Shia s ritual and presentation while Sunni rejects to accept this thought ( Eckman 34 ) . Third, Shia and Sunni both acknowledge the thought of the terminal times harmonizing to the Quran says, but the Suuni refused to admit the thought about the Expected and Awaited Imam which is taught among Shia that he will return one twenty-four hours to vaticinate the terminal of times to his people ( Eckman 34 ) . C. Practical Differences The Shias have a different manner to make the rite to the Sunni, wudu and salat patterns performed by them differ from the 1s practiced by the Suuni, for case of Shias, brow is placed onto a piece of hard-boiled clay from Karbala, and non straight onto the supplication mat when they perform worship ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . Prayers are frequently combined by the Shias besides, and sometimes merely three ( alternatively of five ) worshipping is performed per twenty-four hours. The Shias prefer some different ahadith, particularly the 1s narrated by Ali and Fatima instead than the 1s by other comrades of the Prophet ( pbuh ) ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . The 1s narrated by Aisha are one of the least preferable due to her resistance to Ali. Shia Islam besides allowed a fixed-term impermanent matrimony called muttah which is presently prohibited by the Sunnis ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . II. The predicament of Shia minority There are 2 chief spiritual subdivisions in Saudi Arabia which are Sunni and Shia. The bulk one is Sunni while the minority is Shia ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . Shia in Saudi Arabia consists of about 15 per centum of its whole population and they largely live in eastern portion of the state, such as, Qatif, Dammam, and Al-Hasa, the oil-riches country. ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) In 1930, when King AbdulAziz Ibn Saud found Saudi Arabia, he declared his land to be free to pattern Shia ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . But, King AbdulAziz Ibn s purpose to make free spiritual state does non truly travel into consequence. Obviously, Shias still have a really rough life as they have to confront persecution and favoritism mundane life by Saudi Sunnis who views them as treasonist and heretic ( Megalommatis 49 ) . Furthermore, in some country, Shias even have to hide their religion in secret making the ritual as they are frighten that their unrecorded might non be safe from those extremist Sunni people who hate them ( Al.Has san 16 ) . From these grounds, many Saudi Shias are really connected with Shias in Iran who portion similar belief ( Yamani 8 ) . As Saudi authorities sees this closely relationship between Iranain Shias and Saudi Shias, they perceive it as a menace to national security. Therefore, the Saudi authorities acts more suppressive to Shias than of all time. Because of the oppressive Acts of the Apostless committed by the authorities, the Saudi authorities has been universe widely recognized as the most anti-Shia authorities in the universe ( Megalommatis 49 ) . A. Religious Freedom The tenseness between Sunni and Shia in Saudi Arabia reaches its flood tide these past few old ages ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . During February 2009, Shia Pilgrims from eastern portion of Saudi Arabia came to Medina to mark the day of remembrance of the Prophet Muhammad s decease , but they were refused by the Sunni spiritual constabularies to fall in the ceremonial due to their different belief in philosophy and ritual. This brought Shia Pilgrims to clash with Sunni spiritual constabularies who were at the front gate. ( Human Right Watch 4 ) At a consequence, many Shia Muslims were wounded and captured and 3 of them died ( Yamani 7 ) . After the confrontation between Shia and Sunni spiritual constabularies, many Shias in London, Berlin and the Hugue came out and protested in forepart of Saudi consulate to name for their independency province from Saudi Arabia ( Yamani 8 ) . Since the state of affairs both in the state and outside the state became worse and worse, King Abdullah decided to let go of the spiritual captives. Still the jobs remain explosive ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . In March 2009, Saudi Shias, populating in Qutif and Safwa, protested against unjust intervention by its authorities. Many of them were arrested and detained for many months ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . In May, June and July 2009, the governments were ordered by Eastern Province governor to shut down private halls and besides imprison many Shias in Kholar and Ahsa because they had in secret pattern spiritual activities where it banned by the authorities ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . In April 2010 in Khobar, Eastern Saudi Arabia, a Shia English instructor, Hussan Al Makki, was arrested by Intelligence Administration force. Makki was charged of go againsting the authorities s prohibition to pattern any Shia rite. Furthermore, there were other 3 people that were arrested on the same charge as Makki ( Rasid News Network 28 ) . Although Shia s ritual and public jubilation of their spiritual events are considere d illegal to execute, but Shias still continue to pattern both publically and in secret. ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) .Moreover, Shias mosques are forced to close down often. Harmonizing to the Saudi jurisprudence, to open the mosque, it has to acquire a licence from authorities foremost. It is frequently the instance that the authorities will non allow this licence, peculiarly, to Shia mosque. Therefore, it becomes a common and legal thing for the Saudi authorities to close down the Shia mosque under the charge of non holding licence to run ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) . In add-on, the authorities besides restricts on how Shia can construct their house. The authorities prohibits the Shia from holding cellar within their house because the authorities does non desire Shias to turn it into supplication hall, Hussueniyas ( Jafariya News 47 ) . Up to today, the authorities does non let publication of Shia spiritual books, it blocks their web sites, and does non let them any look in the public media. ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) . Many spiritual books, used in universities for classs, disrespect Shia at all by utilizing bad and humbling words to depict them and even mentioning them as Rafuda which means rejectionists of faith. ( Al.Hassan 13 ) . B. Education Not merely Shias are limited the right to pattern spiritual freedom, but besides in instruction ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . From the statistic, there are merely 7 Shia schoolmasters out of 319 male child schools and no Shia headmistress in miss schools at all in Eastern Province where bulk of Shias live. Besides King Faisal University, where its headquarter located at Ahsa in Eastern Province, is consisted of merely 7 professors out of 287 professors ( Human Rights First Society 37 ) . Furthermore, any private schools or babys rooms operated by Shia people are non allowed be opened. ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . Shia s theological belief is non allowed in Teach in school ( Human Right Watch 6 ) . Furthermore, in the school, it becomes a normal thing that many Sunni instructors publically condemn and look down on Shia pupils sing them as heretic ( Wikipedia 12 ) . Dr. Mohamed J. Al.Hassan, a professor at King Saud University, one time said that his girl was insulted by Sunni instructor and he call ed the school to name for justness by firing the instructor, but nil happened to the instructor. Furthermore, some extremist people saw that the instructor should hold done more than that ( Al.Hassan 18 ) . But this can non merely be blamed on those instructors themselves. As throughout of the instructors lives, they have been brainwashed to detest and diss Shia Muslims so when they become a instructor, they will go through their belief to their childs. This will go on from coevals to coevals ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . Not merely Shia pupils are insulted by Sunni instructors, but even Shia instructors or professors are besides insulted by Sunni pupils every bit good ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . C. Social Opportunity Socially, Shias sometimes have to conceal their religion and in secret worship to forestall them from any persecution. Furthermore Shias are ever treated as a 2nd citizen by their authorities. For illustration, the Fatima Shia of Najaran, an ancient native community, received really bad dainty from the authorities. More Than 3000 members from the community were forced to go forth their place to travel to else without any good ground ( Megalommatis 50 ) . The authorities besides limits their freedom on how Shia named their kids in order to deter them from demoing their individuality. ( Wikipedia 12 ) before tribunal where everyone claims a justness section. For illustration, Sunni justice will non let or accept the informant who is Shia. Furthermore, the tribunal Judgess any instances based on Sunni spiritual jurisprudence. Furthermore, no Saudi Shias have right to function as a justice in tribunal and besides in any high-rank place within authorities and military ( Human Right Watch 6 ) . Government passes out several edicts that encourage people with hatred, force and favoritism against Shia. Some edicts recognize Shia as illegal and non-Muslim and can non populate harmoniously with Shia. ( Al.Hassan 13 ) Other edicts claim Shia to deviate the existent significance of Islam and polytheists. ( 14 ) This type of favoritism and hatred besides widely appear on the cyberspace advancing violent and segregation against Shia. Surprisingly those violent Sunni web site are allowed to travel on while Shia website which advancing peace and integrity are blocked really fast by Saudi authorities. ( J, 25 ) Saudi Shia are out to take any senior place in Government. There are no Shia curates, diplomats, security officers, ground forces commanding officer, air force pilots, spiritual instructors, caput of authorities bureaus, Judgess, city managers, official imaums, Royal officers, caput of public company and many other senior authorities. ( Megalommatis 49 ) . III. Chemical reaction A. Shia All the Saudi Shia wants is for their authorities to esteem their individuality and handle them every bit. Yet, Saudi governments routinely treat these people with scorn and intuition. ( Human Right Watch 4 ) . Shia Muslims in Saudi Arabia have been so long looking for more equality in their day-to-day life in society including freedom to idolize. They want to hold legal right to hold their ain mosque, Shia spiritual book, and besides are accepted by everyone ( Al Qudaihi 2 ) . Saudi Shias has set up a new resistance group to name for more equal intervention for their people called Khalas . This group claims that the authorities has opportunities to reform its society to be more openness toward Shia, but they are merely non willing to make it so ( Al Qudaihi 3 ) . Tawfik al-saif, a Saudi political militant, states that to stop these drawn-out struggles, the Saudi authorities should present both political and societal reforms to do Sunni and Shia much more integrate to each othe r ( Al Qudaihi 2 ) . To stop these jobs, Mai Yamani, a Saudi bookman, suggests that Saudi should alter from molithic Wahabi national individuality to be more unfastened and inclusive everyone. This means that Saudi Arabia has merely 2 picks to take either stoping favoritism against Shia and giving them their right socially and politically, or sitting down and watch them to derive their strength from foreigners and the state go decomposition ( Yamani 9 ) . Recently, King Abdullah has tried to promote Saudi people to pattern spiritual tolerance and unrecorded together peacefully, but a big figure of province establishments still commit to know apart Shias non to be able to keep any public offices ( Human Right Watch 4 ) . D. King and the Saudi authorities In 2003, Prince Abdullah began the thought to acquire both Sunni and Shia Clerics to come together for the first clip. 5 old ages subsequently, Prince Abdullah besides supported a pan-Muslim World meeting for Shia and Sunni keeping in Mecca ( Financial Times 25 ) . Since 2001, Saudi authorities stated that they have prepared to redact text editions, curricular, learning method to recommend tolerance and take dissing word from the book. Despite their effort to alter the prejudice position toward Shia, text editions used in schools still contain the words that show intolerance position toward Shia advancing force and hatred against Shia. ( Scripture Seed Foundation 42 )

WAS IRV

WAS IRV Intro In all of Washington Irving's short stories he has a negative view on women he is not a man whom has seen women in the best of ways. All of the women in his stories are some how miss treated. He shows this by giving them bad "appearances"‚ . He makes the women seem that they are always nagging and always annoying.Rip van winkle In Rip Van winkle his wife is rude to him. She is always nagging about him helping others and not Her. He writes as if he is disgusted with all women when he writes his stories. In the book it shows that Rip does not care about his wife he is just happy he is alive. This viewpoint is shown in the quote "From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife"‚ . He shows a hate towards his wife in Rip van Winkle.Wife.

Bicyclists and motorcyclists should be required by law t Essay

Bicyclists and motorcyclists should be required by law t - Essay Example When motorcycles and bicycles are involved in any accidents, the physical body of the human could be injured particularly the head or the brain part, leading to death and even if an individual survives, the life will be a living hell. This brings into the picture the importance of helmets and how helmets could save a person from death or from becoming a ‘Vegetable’. This being in argument, the other is how many motorcyclists and bicyclist are driving without helmets with a lot of comfort, and how helmets could cause accidents. Thus, this paper will focus on the role of helmet and how it can be a lifesaving tool on one side and how it is not such a lifesaving tool and could give discomforts on other side. Helmet worn by motorcyclists and bicyclists brings in a lot of advantages and importantly saves a lot of lives. That is, as helmets are like a strong armor for the head, any strong and dangerous impacts during an accident can be absorbed by the helmets. In most of the accidents and incidents involving motorcycles and bicycles, the riders will separate from the vehicle and the head of that individual will normally make a strong impact on other strong objects like the other vehicles, roadside objects and even the strong road. That impact could damage or break the skull leading to the damage to the brain resulting in death. Motorcyclists usually separate from the motorcycle at some time during a crash. It stands to reason that protective apparels like helmets are far more likely to be effective than protective equipment attached to the motorcycle In the event of a crash, no existing strategy or safety equipment offers protection comparable to a FMVSS 218 compliant helmet. (NHTSA). Helm eted riders have shown significantly lower injury impacts in all types of lesions in the body particularly in the head. A recent analysis from the Crash Outcomes Data Evaluation Systems (CODES) from six states demonstrated that helmets were 35 percent

Governance and Politics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Governance and Politics - Assignment Example The prosperity of an organization or a nation highly depends on its political willpower and framework. Organizations adapt political strategies that will enable them to impact on the formulation and implementation of policies and regulations that affect them. These strategies could be reactive or proactive. Non-profit organizations are more democratic than profit organizations. This allows them to adapt proactive political strategies. These include government association and ‘Action’ Advocacy for example electoral, legislation, media, international, grassroots, public education and opinion shaping and legal advocacy. These political strategies are ‘outward-focused ‘and allow for dialogue, and often contest, with the government, for-profit organizations and the public (Bruce, 1992). For-profit organizations are less democratic. They usually adapt reactive political strategies as a means of presenting or defending their political positions on certain issues. Examples are direct and citizen participation, and representation strategies. These strategies give little room for dialogue with non-profit organizations and the public. If the nonprofit organization were a public education organization, the strategy would change to societal force mobilisation so ·ci ·e ·tal  Ã‚   Diversity on board enables an organization to benefit from the varied pool of thoughts and experiences. This enhances the organization’s problem-solving ability and its ability to utilize available global opportunities. According to Ramiez (2003), board diversity also helps to avoid remove corruption which is normally encouraged by close relations among board members. It enables a board, on behalf of the organization, to achieve a global reach for their business. This is a sign of improved effectiveness. This is true especially if the diversified

E Government in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E Government in the UK - Essay Example E government implementation in the UK includes the use of cards with smart chips for passes to pay for school meals, public transportation and for online voting and online payment transactions. Websites are setup for public consultation, paying parking tickets. E-government is big business in the twenty-first century, amounting to over 1% of GDP in most industrialized nations and around  £14 billion annually in the United Kingdom, according to recent estimates (Margetts, 2010). The core factors that occur, when assessing national E government in the form of providing human resources, correspond with the ushering in of globalization and the internet and the balance this new era must maintain between the diffusion of ideas and innovation, as opposed to the replication of practices from one area to the next. As noted by Dempsey, â€Å"E-government is the delivery of online government services, which provides the opportunity to increase citizen access to government, reduce government bureaucracy, increase citizen participation in democracy and enhance agency responsiveness to citizens needs (Dempsey, 2001).† These are the ideal policy changes that E-government is set about to enhance government and private sector practices in the U.K. The problem is this implies E-government practices improve the quality of government practices, which some naysayers argue is not the case. In the Guardian U.K. article, â€Å"E-government is not a financial cure-all,† the author notes that advancements the internet has brought on to be utilized by local and federal governments, as well as private sector institutions in the U.K., does not necessarily mean enhanced quality of these services. The author says, â€Å"When all else fails, reach for the ‘e’. In the past week, both the prime minister and the chancellor of the exchequer have cited e-government to explain how they are going to cut the cost of public services, but not their quality (Cross, 2010).† The author then goes onto point out the key to petitioning for e-government initiatives can be traced to a specific term that dictates how e-government is identified in the public eye, he says, â€Å"The current buzzword is ‘smarter government’, but the basic concept has been policy for a decade, since Tony Blair's first e-envoy, Alex Allan, unveiled the national e-government str ategy in April 2000 (Cross, 2010).† The author goes on to note that after billions of dollars invested in the 2005 E-government policies to improve public services placed UK on a European commission’s annual benchmarking survey as the leader in Europe of the electronic public services.

Free

Free Will vs. Determinism Essay PHI/105 August 2010 Week 1 – Checkpoint 1 Arguments and Logic Free Will VS Determinism Free Will and Determinism are two separate beliefs, contradicting one another. Determinism is the idea that all matter in this known universe is created for a specific purpose; a specific action. Therefore, the behavior of all atoms are governed by their physical law; their purpose. Free Will is simply defined as humans having free will. Humans have the ability to choose their next action, thereby choosing their path to their future. In the excerpt given these two beliefs are in contradiction with one another and therefore cannot exist. One must believe in a single belief, not both. The arguments given for Determinism is that whatever an atom does, it must do in a given circumstance. By laws of nature and physics, it must behave in a specific manner. Following this argument, an atom must behave in manner â€Å"A† when in circumstance â€Å"Z†; therefore, if present in circumstance â€Å"Z,† the atom must behave in manner â€Å"A† in accordance with its physical laws. A behavior as a result of free will; however, is an event that did not have to happen, thereby contradicting the argument for Determinism. Free Will is an event that is the direct result of my actions because of my choices. Therefore, if an event were to occur as a result of Free Will, this event did not have to happen. For example, let us imagine that I am walking along a path and I choose, of my own free will, to pick up a rock and throw it. I could easily have chosen not to throw the rock; therefore, when I threw the rock, the atoms in my arm did not have to move even if this situation. Given this example, we will assume that Free Will is the correct belief, thus illustrating that it is not true that an atom must have done what it did, given the situation. If Determinism is true, then my arm would have moved and the rock been thrown, regardless of my choices and actions. The arguments for these beliefs seem logical in the fact that Determinism is relating to science and physics to illustrate the structure and behavior of atoms; the core component to all known matter. This argument provides a solid base for the Determinism belief, explaining that everything is preordained by its physical properties, and the Free Will is an illusion. Free Will, on the other hand, is given no scientific argument and is more common sense based in its belief. Free Wills argument is not to illustrate that it is true, but to show that Determinism is not true. While the arguments for both beliefs seem valid, I found there to be more weaknesss is the Determinisms logic. To say that all matter has a given physical law is correct and that is must behave in its intended manner. Atoms that compose the chemical makeup of fire will in fact burn you if too close; this is what fire does. The weakness in the Determinisms argument is saying that because you were burned, the atoms in that fire were designed to burn you. Nature has a set of principles in place. Gravity causes object to fall towards its pull, and the movement of two objects against one another creates heat the form of friction. These events are localized in their behavior, but not preordained. A rock that is thrown will glide through the air and descend towards earth again. My arm can throw a rock, or remain at my side. The atoms of the rock, make it a rock, but do not make it fly. The atoms in my arm are what bind muscles, bone, and skin, and make it my arm, but they do not make my arm throw the rock. Determinism is true to an extent, as is Free Will. Each of them play a part in our world. If I wish to throw a rock at a window, and not break the glass, my will alone is not enough to make it so. Determinism will then take over and act accordingly to the density of the glass, and the velocity of the rock. Both beliefs exist together, working together.